AyuRxiv
type: channel
description: AyuRxiv is a first of its kind free distribution service and open-access archive for scholarly articles in Ayurvedic Sciences & Traditional Medicine Research. AyuRxiv seeks to promote evidence-based research in the Ayurvedic Sciences, democratizing access to research to practitioners, researchers, and the public worldwide.
language: en
publication name: AyuRxiv
items: Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Ayurvedic Medicine With Severe Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report
items: India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library and the Politics of Patent Classifications
items: A review on hypo-cholesterolemic activity of Nigella sativa seeds and its extracts
items: Ayurgenomics in Anti-Viral Therapy: A Literature Synthesis
items: In-vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and in-vivo muscle relaxant potential of the extract and constituent isolated from Diospyros kaki (Japanese Persimmon)
items: An integrated management (Ayurveda and Modern medicine) of accidental burn injury: A case study
items: Anatomy acts concerning body and organ donations across the globe: past, present and future with a special emphasis on the indian scenario
items: Preclinical evidence of polyherbal formulations on wound healing: A systematic review on research trends and perspectives
items: Covid-19 and female sex workers in India: a journey of brutal reality
items: Health inequities around gender, disability and internal migration: are local governments doing enough
items: Palliative care management committees: a model of collaborative governance for primary health care
items: Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review
items: Characteristics and result reporting of registered COVID-19 clinical trials of Chinese and Indian traditional medicine: A comparative analysis
items: Unregulated supplement use causing insidious lead toxicity
items: Achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development goals by 2030: investment estimates to increase production of health professionals in India
items: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives
items: Structural investigation of Ayurveda Lauha (Iron) Bhasma
items: Development and validation of an ama instrument for assessing the disease activity on the basis of constitutional features in Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
items: Statistical characterization of managerial risk factors: a case of state-run hospitals in India
items: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Benincasae Exocarpium: A review
items: ‘Food and medicine continuum’ in the East and West: Old tradition and current regulation
items: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Traditional and Complimentary Medicine in Oman
items: Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Ehretia cymosa Thonn (Boraginaceae) Leaves in Rodents
items: We are (not) Different from the Others: Religious Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovakia and India
items: Plant-Derived Products with Therapeutic Potential against Gastrointestinal Bacteria
items: GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Plant Rhazya stricta Using Various Solvents
items: Withaferin A: A Pleiotropic Anticancer Agent from the Indian Medicinal Plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
items: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity of Ultrasonic Nanoemulsion of Cinnamomum Cassia L. Essential Oil
items: Medical Countermeasures against Ricin Intoxication
items: Pan-Genomics of Escherichia albertii for Antibiotic Resistance Profiling in Different Genome Fractions and Natural Product Mediated Intervention: In Silico Approach

Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Ayurvedic Medicine With Severe Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report
type: item
description: Lactate is the basic blood parameter in the arsenal of an intensivist when managing a critically ill patient. A 62-year-old male presented with nausea and vomiting. He had been using an Ayurvedic medication, Insulin Management Expert (IME-9), for his type 2 diabetes mellitus and was found to have severe lactic acidosis that was resistant to initial fluid resuscitation and Ayurvedic medicine-induced liver injury. He required admission to critical care for organ support and ultimately recovered. Because current literature on the adverse effects of this Ayurvedic medication, particularly hepatotoxicity, is limited, causality was determined using the adverse drug association tool Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), which determined this as a probable cause with a strong score of seven. As a result, our case adds a vital gear to the wheel of current research literature. Keywords: critical care and hospital medicine, herbal-induced liver injury (hili), drug-induced liver injury (dili), rucam score, ayurvedic medicine
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: critical care and hospital medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: herbal-induced liver injury (hili)
  topic: keywords
subject: drug-induced liver injury (dili)
  topic: keywords
subject: rucam score
  topic: keywords
subject: ayurvedic medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Deepak Sharma
creator: Ahmed Ahmed
creator: Ali Razak
creator: Priyanka Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library and the Politics of Patent Classifications
type: item
description: This article analyzes India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) as a potential intervention in the administration of patent law. The TKDL is a database including a vast body of traditional medical knowledge from India, aiming to prevent the patenting and misappropriation of that knowledge. This article contextualizes the TKDL in relation to documentation theory as well as to existing research on the uses of databases to protect traditional knowledge. It explores the TKDL’s potential consequences for India’s traditional medical knowledge and the wider implications that traditional knowledge databases can have for the safeguarding of traditional knowledge in general. The article concludes that on the one hand the TKDL bridges the gap between the main branches of Indian traditional medicine and the formal knowledge system of International Patent Classifications. Furthermore, it has also inspired revisions of the International Patent Classification system, which makes it better adapted to incorporate traditional medical knowledge. On the other hand, critical research on traditional knowledge documentation argues that traditional knowledge databases, like the TKDL, can decontextualize the knowledge they catalogue and dispossess its original owners. The TKDL, however, also fits into a national, Indian agenda of documenting and modernizing traditional medicine that predates the formation of the TKDL by several decades and challenges the dichotomy between traditional and scientific knowledge systems that originally motivated the formation of the TKDL. Keywords: India, Patent classification, Patent law, Traditional knowledge, Traditional knowledge digital library
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: India
  topic: keywords
subject: Patent classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Patent law
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional knowledge digital library
  topic: keywords
creator: Martin Fredriksson
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

A review on hypo-cholesterolemic activity of Nigella sativa seeds and its extracts
type: item
description: Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (Family Ranunculaceae) is a popular therapeutic herb in many parts of the world. It is widely used in traditional medical systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha. Seeds and oil have a long history of folkloric use in many medicinal and culinary systems. The seeds of N. sativa have long been used to treat a variety of illnesses and disorders. Studies on N. sativa and its therapeutic potential have been investigated. This includes anti-diabetic, anticancer, immune-modulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepato-protective, renal protective, gastro-protective, antioxidant properties, and several others. Nigella sativa contains thymoquinone. This is a bioactive component of the essential oil with medicinal benefits. Therefore, it is of interest to report a comprehensive data on the therapeutic usefulness of N. sativa in hypo-cholesterolemic activity. Keywords: Nigella sativa, black seed, hypo cholesterolemic activity
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Nigella sativa
  topic: keywords
subject: black seed
  topic: keywords
subject: hypo cholesterolemic activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Karmegam Maheswari
creator: K Dilara
creator: S Vadivel
creator: Priscilla Johnson
creator: Selvaraj Jayaraman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Ayurgenomics in Anti-Viral Therapy: A Literature Synthesis
type: item
description: This review focuses on Ayurgenomics (AG) used in antiviral therapy. According to Ayurveda, three doshas govern Prakriti, the natural organizational structure of humans. AG is a new field in modern medicine that focuses on establishing individualized self-care. It is a modern therapeutic and preventive method that enhances a person’s mental and physical well-being. Due to the threat of emerging lethal viruses and the significant role of Ayurveda in the pandemic, modern genetics studies have emerged. Prakriti, an Ayurvedic notion that AG incorporates, correlated with three doshas (phenotypes) called vata, pitta, and kapha. Each Prakriti individual had a specific balance for each dosha. To date, the most recent field of AG, which aims to characterize Prakriti types in terms of current genetics and physiology, has provided the best definition. Four databases were searched for studies on this topic using the keywords “Ayurgenomics” and “Anti-Viral Therapy.” Four articles that demonstrated a favorable approach for the application of AG were gathered for synthesis. According to this study, employing Adhatoda Vasica and Cissampelos pareira L extracts improved the viral structure of the SAR-CoV-2 virus. Further studies involving human participants are required to rule out the positive effects of AG in real-world contexts. Keywords: ayurveda, p4 medicine, doshas, prakriti, ayugenomics
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: ayurveda
  topic: keywords
subject: p4 medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: doshas
  topic: keywords
subject: prakriti
  topic: keywords
subject: ayugenomics
  topic: keywords
creator: Shadma Quazi
creator: Swanand Pathak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

In-vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and in-vivo muscle relaxant potential of the extract and constituent isolated from Diospyros kaki (Japanese Persimmon)
type: item
description: Diospyros kaki (Japanese persimmon) is cultivated specious of the Diospyros genus. D. kaki is a multi-medicinal application in the folk system for the cure of ischemic stroke, angina, atherosclerosis, muscle relaxation, internal hemorrhage, hypertension, high cough, and infectious disease. The main objective of this study was the isolated bioactive metabolites from chloroform fractions of D. kaki. The extract and fractions were then tested for various in-vitro (antioxidant and lipoxygenase) and in-vivo (muscle relaxant) activities. The repeated chromatographic separation of chloroform extract afforded compound 1. Compound 1, n-hexane, and chloroform fractions were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and in vivo muscle relaxant potency. The chloroform extract has 79.54% interaction with DPPH at higher concentrations (100 μg/ml) while the compound exhibited a maximum effect of 95.09% at 100 μg/ml. Compound 1 exhibited significant lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 36.98 μM followed by a chloroform extract of 57.09 μM. Similarly, compound 1 and chloroform extract showed excellent muscle relaxant effects at a higher dose. From this investigation, it is concluded that extracts and pure compounds exhibited promising antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and muscle relaxant activity. This study excellently rationalizes the traditional usage of D. kaki in curing various diseases. Furthermore, the docking results indicate, that the isolated compound fits well into the active site of the lipoxygenase, and makes strong interactions with the target protein. Keywords: Diospyros kaki, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Lipoxygenase, Muscle relaxant, Molecular docking
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Diospyros kaki
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemical
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipoxygenase
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle relaxant
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular docking
  topic: keywords
creator: Adil Mujawah
creator: Abdur Rauf
creator: Sami Bawazeer
creator: Abdul Wadood
creator: Hassan Hemeg
creator: Saud Bawazeer
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

An integrated management (Ayurveda and Modern medicine) of accidental burn injury: A case study
type: item
description: Burn injuries are frequent, horrifying, and life-threatening conditions that are still challenging to cure. Complications like scarring, keloid formation, and contractures are the main challenges for the treating surgeon. The Ayurvedic classics explain different treatment modalities for the management of burn wounds, like oral medicines, topical applications prepared with herbal medicines, ghee, oil, and typical wound dressing techniques like Patraadaana (wound covering with medicinal leaves), and fumigation therapy, etc. Here we report a case of accidental burn injury with a TBSA of 27% First degree (superficial) and 15% second degree (deep partial-thickness) burns with complaints of fever and burning sensation at the burn site. On the basis of the symptoms listed in the classical texts of Ayurveda, the case was diagnosed as Pramadadagdha (accidental burn). To properly manage the burn wound, an integrated therapy strategy was designed. Ropanaghrita (medicated ghee) was applied locally, followed by the application of Tinospora cordifolia leaves to cover the wound, fumigation therapy, and oral medications to hasten wound healing and reduce infection. In the first seven days, modern medicine was used as emergency care in addition to Ayurvedic management. Within 60 days of receiving treatment, the burn wound had entirely healed, and the patient was able to resume her regular work activities. In the current situation, the combined strategy produced encouraging burn management outcomes. Keywords: Accidental burn, Total body surface area, Ropana ghrita, Patraadaana, Dhoopana Abbreviations: TBSA, Total body surface area
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Accidental burn
  topic: keywords
subject: Total body surface area
  topic: keywords
subject: Ropana ghrita
  topic: keywords
subject: Patraadaana
  topic: keywords
subject: Dhoopana
  topic: keywords
creator: Pradeep Shindhe
creator: Priyanka K
creator: Ramesh Killedar
creator: Dhrushnu Prasannan
creator: Kirthi A
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Anatomy acts concerning body and organ donations across the globe: past, present and future with a special emphasis on the indian scenario
type: item
description: From the era of pre-historic times, the ancient Indians and the Greeks highlighted the importance of body and organ donations thereby emphasizing the need for anatomical sciences in medicine through the use of effective dissections for the same. However, after the Renaissance, there was a surge in dissections throughout the world, particularly in Europe, as a result of which various laws were enacted by governments concerning the procurement of bodies for the purpose of scientific dissections, which were later promulgated throughout the world through various anatomical acts. The situation in India was quite similar to that of Britain until its independence in 1947, after which different Indian states formulated their own anatomy acts that had their own merits and pitfalls. Hence, this literature review serves to highlight the various acts throughout history and would serve as a guide to emphasize the future perspectives of formulating a centralized unified anatomy act for the Indian nation that could possibly be the need of the hour. Keywords: Acts, Cadaveric donation, Cadaver, Coroners and medical examiners, Medical examiners
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Acts
  topic: keywords
subject: Cadaveric donation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cadaver
  topic: keywords
subject: Coroners and medical examiners
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical examiners
  topic: keywords
creator: Surraj Susai
creator: Mrudula Chandrupatla
creator: Rohini Motwani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Preclinical evidence of polyherbal formulations on wound healing: A systematic review on research trends and perspectives
type: item
description: The disruptions in skin integrity contribute to its disorientation, and tissue annihilations result in acute or chronic wound formation. Polyherbal formulations are widely used in traditional systems of mecdicine like ayurveda for wound healing. The combination of these traditional therapies with clinical therapies has helped in the development of various wound-healing products. Method In this systematic review, the therapeutic potency of several polyherbal formulations from different medicinal floras is summed together in response to their impact on wound healing. The literature search was performed on Pubmed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases between 2010–2020. PRISMA methodology was applied to extract relevant information about polyherbal formulations. Result A total of 54 articles were selected under all themes for the data extraction as per the PRISMA guidelines. These 54 articles have high-quality scores ≥3. Forty-three records were used for the narrative analysis, while nine records were used for the critical analysis in the narrative review. Further, theme-wise key data sets were screened from the selected literature and summarized in a tabular form. Bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database has also drawn attention to limited academic literature showcasing randomized clinical trials in the current subject. Most of these polyherbal formulations are tested in laboratory-scale studies, thus portraying further research options. Conclusion Polyherbal formulations are effective in promoting the wound-healing process. They can stimulate a variety of physiological functions that accelerates the process of healing. These formulations merit further investigation in clinical trials, and production up scaling will aid in the creation of a new horizon of polyherbal wound healing products. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Pharmacological activity, Polyherbal formulations, Systematic review, Wound healing Abbreviations: PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Rev…
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Medicinal plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacological activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyherbal formulations
  topic: keywords
subject: Systematic review
  topic: keywords
subject: Wound healing
  topic: keywords
creator: Satish Dubey
creator: Ashwini Dixit
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Covid-19 and female sex workers in India: a journey of brutal reality
type: item
description: The present paper is focused on the devastating effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on female sex workers (FSWs) in India and the globe. In Indian scenario, it emphasises on historical factors and theoretical frameworks that explicates the ceaseless exploitation of FSWs even before the pandemic. This inquiry analyses the efficacy of legislative and judicial endeavours taken with regard to FSWs. It highlights the role of non-governmental organisations and sex workers’ community, actively working in providing support to the FSWs. Here, we attempt to document the scattered information from various reports regarding sex workers and prostitution. Literature search was done through search engines like Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords such as “COVID-19 pandemic” “sex workers”, “prostitutes”, “health”, and “policies”. Web hits from Google Scholar were collected using a Boolean search and retrieval method involving sex workers and the “AND” operator. During Covid-19 pandemic, due to stigmatisation of their profession FSWs are majorly excluded from government relief programs and health services. In India, the existing laws for FSWs are rigid in nature. They emphasize on prohibition of prostitution. There is an urgent need in India to move towards a substitute model which embody a flexible decriminalisation policy for sex workers. By studying relevant literature on the present topic the gap between policy formulation and implementation was identified. In case of India, it outlines recommendations, in particular providing immediate aid and relief, issuance of temporary documentation to sex workers. Keywords: Brothel, COVID-19, India, Policy, Prostitution, Sex workers
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Brothel
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Prostitution
  topic: keywords
subject: Sex workers
  topic: keywords
creator: Neha Sehgal
creator: Chandra Patni
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Health inequities around gender, disability and internal migration: are local governments doing enough
type: item
description: SETTING: The Kerala health system in India has more than 25 years of decentralised implementation experience. Decentralization could assist in addressing health disparities such as gender, disability, and migration. OBJECTIVE: To explore how inequity issues comprising gender, disability and internal migrations were being addressed at present by the decentralised Kerala health system. DESIGN: Our approach was qualitative, using document review, key informant interviews and in-depth interviews with policy makers, health staff and other stakeholders. RESULTS: Gender aspects were incorporated into planning and budgeting, with 10% funds earmarked for women. Projects were gender-specific to women, and within conventional social roles of livelihood, welfare or reproductive health. Recently, transgender focused projects were also initiated. Schemes for people with disabilities remained welfare-centric and driven by top-down policies. The local governments performed beneficiary identification and benefit disbursal. Migrant health aspects were focused on infectious diseases surveillance and later living conditions of migrant workers. CONCLUSION: The importance that health systems place on socioeconomic determinants of health and fundamental human rights is reflected in the health interventions for marginalised communities. In Kerala, there is now a passive application of central rules and a reluctance to utilise local platforms. Changing this is a necessary condition for achieving equal development. Keywords: structural vulnerability, social vulnerability, sustainable development goals, decentralization
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: structural vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: social vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development goals
  topic: keywords
subject: decentralization
  topic: keywords
creator: M Nair
creator: S Kumar
creator: S Babu
creator: B Chandru
creator: K Kunjumon
creator: C Divya
creator: R Varma
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Palliative care management committees: a model of collaborative governance for primary health care
type: item
description: SETTING: The community-based primary palliative care programme in Kerala, India, has received international acclaim. Programme functioning is supported through Palliative Care Management Committees (PMCs) at the local government (LG) level. OBJECTIVE: To study the functioning of the PMCs within the decentralised governance space to identify achievements, gaps and notable innovations. DESIGN: This qualitative study included seven key informant interviews (KIIs), 28 in-depth interviews and a review of relevant publicly available policies and documents. Major themes were recognised from the KII transcripts. Codes emerging from the document review and in-depth interview transcripts were mapped into the identified thematic areas. RESULTS: Successful PMCs raised resources like money, human resource, equipment, had good skilled care options for symptom relief and facilitated reduced out-of-pocket expenditure by providing home care and free medicines, and improved access to interventions that addressed the social determinants of suffering like poverty. PMCs had varying managerial and technical capacities. In some LGs, the programme was weak and mostly limited to the supply of medicines, basic aids and appliances to patients’ homes. CONCLUSION: Despite varied implementation patterns, PMCs in Kerala are examples of state-supported, community-owned care initiatives, that can potentially address medical and social determinants of suffering. Keywords: decentralisation, sustainable developmental goals, community ownership, palliative care
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: decentralisation
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable developmental goals
  topic: keywords
subject: community ownership
  topic: keywords
subject: palliative care
  topic: keywords
creator: A Kochuvilayil
creator: S Rajalakshmi
creator: A Krishnan
creator: S Vijayanand
creator: V Kutty
creator: T Iype
creator: R Varma
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review
type: item
description: Centella asiatica is an ethnomedicinal herbaceous species that grows abundantly in tropical and sub‐tropical regions of China, India, South‐Eastern Asia and Africa. It is a popular nutraceutical that is employed in various forms of clinical and cosmetic treatments. C. asiatica extracts are reported widely in Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions. The major bioactive constituents of C. asiatica are the pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides, asiaticoside and madecassoside, and their corresponding aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Asiaticoside and madecassoside have been identified as the marker compounds of C. asiatica in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and these triterpene compounds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐allergic, anti‐depressant, anxiolytic, antifibrotic, antibacterial, anti‐arthritic, anti‐tumour and immunomodulatory activities. Asiaticoside and madecassoside are also used extensively in treating skin abnormalities, burn injuries, ischaemia, ulcers, asthma, lupus, psoriasis and scleroderma. Besides medicinal applications, these phytocompounds are considered cosmetically beneficial for their role in anti‐ageing, skin hydration, collagen synthesis, UV protection and curing scars. Existing reports and experimental studies on these compounds between 2005 and 2022 have been selectively reviewed in this article to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous therapeutic advantages of asiaticoside and madecassoside and their potential roles in the medical future. Keywords: asiaticoside, cardioprotective, Centella asiatica, madecassoside, neuroprotective, skin
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: asiaticoside
  topic: keywords
subject: cardioprotective
  topic: keywords
subject: Centella asiatica
  topic: keywords
subject: madecassoside
  topic: keywords
subject: neuroprotective
  topic: keywords
subject: skin
  topic: keywords
creator: Shinjini Bandopadhyay
creator: José Lastra
creator: Jarosław Proćków
creator: Arabinda Ghosh
creator: Radha
creator: Manoj Kumar
creator: Niraj Jha
creator: Mimosa Ghorai
creator: Sujata Mandal
creator: Abhijit Dey
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Characteristics and result reporting of registered COVID-19 clinical trials of Chinese and Indian traditional medicine: A comparative analysis
type: item
description: Objective To assess the main characteristics and result reporting of registered COVID-19 interventional trials of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Indian medicine. Materials and methods We assessed design quality and result reporting of COVID-19 trials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Indian medicine (TIM) registered before 10 February 2021, respectively, on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI). Comparison groups included registered COVID-19 trials of conventional medicine conducted in China (WMC), India (WMI), and in other countries (WMO). Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between time from trial onset to result reporting and trial characteristics. Results The proportion of COVID-19 trials investigating traditional medicine was 33.7% (130/386) among trials registered on ChiCTR, and 58.6% (266/454) on CTRI. Planned sample sizes were mostly small in all COVID-19 trials (median 100, IQR: 50–200). The proportion of trials that were randomized was 75.4 and 64.8%, respectively, for the TCM and TIM trials. Blinding measures were used in 6.2% of the TCM trials, and 23.6% of the TIM trials. Cox regression analysis revealed that planned COVID-19 clinical trials of traditional medicine were less likely to have results reported than trials of conventional medicine (hazard ratio 0.713, 95% confidence interval: 0.541–0.939; p = 0.0162). Conclusion There were considerable between-country and within-country differences in design quality, target sample size, trial participants, and reporting of trial results. Registered COVID-19 clinical trials of traditional medicine were less likely to report results than trials of conventional medicine. Keywords: COVID-19 clinical trials, China, India, traditional medicine, a comparative analysis
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Public Health
  topic: category
subject: COVID-19 clinical trials
  topic: keywords
subject: China
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: a comparative analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nan Zhao
creator: Kritika Pandey
creator: Skanthesh Lakshmanan
creator: Ran Zhao
creator: Jingchun Fan
creator: Junhua Zhang
creator: Max Bachmann
creator: Hong Fan
creator: Fujian Song
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Unregulated supplement use causing insidious lead toxicity
type: item
description: A woman with extensive chronic fatigue presented to the emergency department with vague abdominal complaints and was subsequently found to have microcytic anemia secondary to lead intoxication. Upon further investigation, the unlikely source of lead intoxication was found to be the supplements she procured from her frequent overseas trips to South Asia. Chelation therapy was started and lead levels dropped. Keywords: Ayurveda, lead, microcytic anemia, supplementation
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Ayurveda
  topic: keywords
subject: lead
  topic: keywords
subject: microcytic anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: supplementation
  topic: keywords
creator: Grant MD
creator: Anuj MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development goals by 2030: investment estimates to increase production of health professionals in India
type: item
description: COVID-19 has reinforced the importance of having a sufficient, well-distributed and competent health workforce. In addition to improving health outcomes, increased investment in health has the potential to generate employment, increase labour productivity and foster economic growth. We estimate the required investment for increasing the production of the health workforce in India for achieving the UHC/SDGs. Methods We used data from National Health Workforce Account 2018, Periodic Labour Force Survey 2018–19, population projection of Census of India, and government documents and reports. We distinguish between total stock of health professionals and active health workforce. We estimated current shortages in the health workforce using WHO and ILO recommended health worker:population ratio thresholds and extrapolated the supply of health workforce till 2030, using a range of scenarios of production of doctors and nurses/midwives. Using unit costs of opening a new medical college/nursing institute, we estimated the required levels of investment to bridge the potential gap in the health workforce. Results To meet the threshold of 34.5 skilled health workers per 10 000 population, there will be a shortfall of 0.16 million doctors and 0.65 million nurses/midwives in the total stock and 0.57 million doctors and 1.98 million nurses/midwives in active health workforce by the year 2030. The shortages are higher when compared with a higher threshold of 44.5 health workers per 10 000 population. The estimated investment for the required increase in the production of health workforce ranges from INR 523 billion to 2 580 billion for doctors and INR 1 096 billion for nurses/midwives. Such investment during 2021–2025 has the potential of an additional employment generation within the health sector to the tune of 5.4 million and to contribute to national income to the extent of INR 3 429 billion annually. Conclusion India needs to significantly increase the production of doctors and…
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Health workforce
  topic: keywords
subject: Human resources for health
  topic: keywords
subject: Investment in health
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
creator: Anup Karan
creator: Himanshu Negandhi
creator: Mehnaz Kabeer
creator: Tomas Zapata
creator: Dilip Mairembam
creator: Hilde Graeve
creator: James Buchan
creator: Sanjay Zodpey
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives
type: item
description: Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle is commonly known as Himalayan paeony has great importance as a food and medicine. The practice of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle is very ancient and it is conventionally used for a wide range of illnesses in the folk system of medicine because of its wide beneficial phytochemical profile. The main purpose of the current review was the synthesis of recent data on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and potential pharmacological mechanisms of action of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle, thus offering new prospects for the development of new adjuvant natural therapies. Using scientific databases such as PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer, and Wiley, a comprehensive literature search was performed for Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle. For searching, we used the next MeSH terms: “Biological Product/isolation and purification”, “Biological Products/pharmacology”, “Drug Discovery/methods”, “Ethnopharmacology, Medicine”, “Traditional/methods”, “Paeonia/chemistry”, “Plant Extracts/pharmacology”, “Phytochemicals/chemistry”, “Phytochemicals/pharmacology”, “Plants, Medicinal”. The results of the most recent studies were analyzed and the most important data were summarized in tables and figures. Phytochemical research of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle has led to the isolation of triterpenes, monoterpenes, phenolic acids, fatty acids, organic compounds, steroids, free radicals and some other classes of primary metabolites. In addition, diverse pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, anticoagulant, airway relaxant lipoxygenase and beta-glucuronidase inhibiting activity, radical scavenging activity, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities have been reported for Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle. Different bioactive compounds of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle has proven their therapeutic potential in modern pharmacological and biomedical research to cure numerous gastrointestinal and nervous disorders. In…
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Paeoniaemodi
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional uses
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacological activities
  topic: keywords
creator: Nida Zahra
creator: Javad Sharifi-Rad
creator: Alibek Ydyrys
creator: Tabassum Yaseen
creator: Ayesha Nawaz
creator: Hassan Sher
creator: Banzeer Abbasi
creator: Muhammad Arif
creator: Javed Iqbal
creator: Daniela Calina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Structural investigation of Ayurveda Lauha (Iron) Bhasma
type: item
description: In Ayurveda, ‘Lauha’ (Iron) Bhasma is primarily used to cure diseases related to iron deficiency in humans. It is produced from purified raw metallic iron using a combination of multi-step traditional preparation processes described in the Ayurveda literature. Here, we present the results of structural investigation performed on the medicinal grade ‘Lauha’ Bhasma using various X-ray based techniques. Our results indicate that after several rounds of heating and cooling in specific conditions following the Ayurvedic preparation procedure, metallic iron eventually converts to a natural iron-oxide mineral belonging to the magnetite group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray standing wave assisted fluorescence measurements carried out on powdered Bhasma specimen reveal that the magnetite micro-particles in the Bhasma specimen are usually present in the form of agglomerates of nano-particles. We anticipate that the Ayurvedic Lauha Bhasma has great potential for noninvasive localized target killing of cancer cells, particularly in sensitive parts of the human body such as the brain, spinal cord, and lungs, via necrosis by application of an alternating external magnetic field or photo electron generation through X-rays. Keywords: Ayurvedic Bhasma, Nanomaterials, X-ray fluorescence, Trace element analysis, Synchrotron radiation
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Ayurvedic Bhasma
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanomaterials
  topic: keywords
subject: X-ray fluorescence
  topic: keywords
subject: Trace element analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Synchrotron radiation
  topic: keywords
creator: MK Tiwari
creator: Arjun Singh
creator: Ajay Khooha
creator: UK Goutam
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Development and validation of an ama instrument for assessing the disease activity on the basis of constitutional features in Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
type: item
description: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), having a striking clinical resemblance to amavata in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) presents an opportunity to look at disease from two different healthcare perspectives. This differential information may potentially supplement one system with the knowledge of the other for optimal application. This study is the first of its kind, where Ayurvedic concepts of amavata have been adopted to enhance the knowledge about RA where optimal care is still beyond the common reach. Objective The study was conducted to develop and validate a novel ama score based upon constitutional features of ama as depicted in ayurvedic literature as a disease activity indicator in RA. Material and methods The study was conducted in two parts comprising development and textual validation of the ama assessment instrument (AAI) followed by its clinical testing. AAI comprising ten items, was developed where each item was provided with a range of scores to offer the assessment close to the patient's observations. The score obtained through AAI was clinically and statistically tested on 79 RA/amavata patients randomly selected for validity and reliability. The score obtained through AAI was tested for its correlation with the DAS-28 score and ESR. Results Ama Assessment Instrument could find a slight correlation with acute phase reactant ESR (r-value between ESR and AMA at baseline is 0.287, and at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd follow-up is 0.276, 0.276 and 0.160 respectively) and DAS-28 (The r value between DAS and AMA at baseline is 0.231, and at 1st, 2nd and 3rd follow up is 0.218, 0.201 and 0.247 respectively). It however emerged as an independent disease status marker since it could mark the changes in the study population on a time scale more precisely as compared to DAS -28 or ESR. When the ama values at different follow-ups were compared, a significant difference was observed consistent with disease activity marker catching constitutional and GI related domain of the …
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Disease activity score
  topic: keywords
subject: Rheumatoid arthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Amavata
  topic: keywords
subject: Ayurveda
  topic: keywords
creator: Preeti Pandey
creator: Sanjeev Rastogi
creator: Able Lawrence
creator: Girdhar Agrawal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Statistical characterization of managerial risk factors: a case of state-run hospitals in India
type: item
description: Public healthcare institutions are the crucial component in the social and economic development of a nation, particularly India. However, public hospitals in India confront multiple operational risk factors that compromise patient satisfaction. Although all the risk factors are essentially critical, the impact potential of any risk factor is ultimately determined by its ability to induce other risk factors. The current research derives motivation from these scenarios and investigates the characteristics of crucial operational risk factors experienced in the public healthcare sector in a South Indian state. Extensive questionnaire-based surveys were conducted among civilians and healthcare professionals in two phases, i.e., prior to the COVID-19 crisis and during the COVID-19 crisis, for identifying significant risk factors. The collected data is analysed using statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to characterise the inter-relationships between risk factors. The research discloses the translational effect of administrative/infrastructure constraints in public hospitals in compromising the operational performance indirectly through human-related issues rather than having a direct influence. More precisely, the presented model indicates that risk factors like the physical infrastructure limitations and shortage of staff will overburden the existing employees, resulting in human-related issues, including attitudinal issues of employees and community mistrusts and misbelieves. The results reveal seemingly resolvable budget allocation issues, but at the same time alarms the authorities to execute immediate countermeasures. Ultimately, this research seeks to empower public hospital administrators with interesting insights and managerial implications drawn from the statistical models. Keywords: Public hospitals, Operational risks, Exploratory factor analysis, EFA, Partial least …
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Public hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Operational risks
  topic: keywords
subject: Exploratory factor analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: EFA
  topic: keywords
subject: Partial least squares based structural equation modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: PLS-SEM
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
creator: C Vishnu
creator: E Anilkumar
creator: R Sridharan
creator: P Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Benincasae Exocarpium: A review
type: item
description: Benincasae Exocarpium (BE, Dongguapi in Chinese), as the dried outer pericarp of Benincasa hispida (wax gourd) in Cucurbitaceae family, is one of traditional Chinese medicines with the same origin as medicine and food. Up to now, 43 compounds were isolated from BE, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, soluble fiber and carbohydrates. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practice showed that BE has diuretic, hypolipidemic effects, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and other effects. The folk uses, functional factors, pharmacological activities, patents and clinical applications of BE were reviewed in this paper. In addition, the paper also discussed the current problems for the further studies. The information summarized in this paper provides valuable clues for the comprehensive utilization of medicine and food resources and gives a scientific basis for the development of medicinal plants of BE. Keywords: Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., Benincasae Exocarpium, medicine and food homology, modern pharmacology, functional constituents
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.
  topic: keywords
subject: Benincasae Exocarpium
  topic: keywords
subject: medicine and food homology
  topic: keywords
subject: modern pharmacology
  topic: keywords
subject: functional constituents
  topic: keywords
creator: Meng Zhang
creator: Jialong Lei
creator: Yansheng Wang
creator: Jingze Zhang
creator: Dailin Liu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

‘Food and medicine continuum’ in the East and West: Old tradition and current regulation
type: item
description: Food-medicine products are important materials for daily health management and are increasingly popular in the global healthy food market. However, because of the biocultural difference, food-medicine knowledge may differ among regions, which hinders the global sharing of such health strategies. Aim at bridging the food-medicine knowledge in the East and West, this study traced the historical roots of food and medicine continuum of the East and West, which was followed by a cross-cultural assessment on the importance of food-medicine products of China, thereafter, the current legislative terms for food-medicine products were studied using an international survey. The results show that the food and medicine continuum in the East and West have their historical roots in the traditional medicines since antiquity, and the food-medicine knowledge in the East and West differs substantially; although the food-medicine products have common properties, their legislative terms are diverse globally; with proofs of traditional uses and scientific evidence, food-medicine products are possible for cross-cultural communication. Finally, we recommend facilitating the cross-cultural communication of the food-medicine knowledge in the East and West, thus to make the best use of the traditional health wisdom in the globe. Keywords: cross-cultural communication, food and medicine continuum, food-medicine products, regulation, tradition
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: cross-cultural communication
  topic: keywords
subject: food and medicine continuum
  topic: keywords
subject: food-medicine products
  topic: keywords
subject: regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: tradition
  topic: keywords
creator: Ruyu Yao
creator: Chunnian He
creator: Peigen Xiao
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Traditional and Complimentary Medicine in Oman
type: item
description: Objectives This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding traditional medicine (TM) in Oman and examine the factors that necessitate its use. Methods This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among the general population from November 2019 and March 2020. All Omani nationals above the age of 18 were eligible to be enrolled. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the knowledge, attitudes and use regarding traditional medicine in Oman. Results A total of 598 responses to the questionnaire were received (response rate: 85.4%), of which 552 were deemed complete. Most responses were received from males (62.5%) and the sample had a mean age of 33.6 ± 7.7 years. A majority of the respondents (90%) were aware of the different types of TM in Oman; a high percentage (81.5%) felt that it was effective. Most (67.8%) had tried at least one method of TM use. Individuals who were older had tried TM compared to those who had not (34.5 ± 7.8 years versus 31.8 ± 7.2 years; P <0.001); in addition, more males than females (72.2% versus 27.8%; P <0.001) and those with full-time employment than those without had tried TM (84.2% versus 14.2%; P <0.001). Herbal medications (65.8%) and traditional massage (60.4%) were the most common forms of TM practice. Among females, herbal medications (69.2%) and massage (63.5%) are most often used; among males, cupping (65.2%) followed by herbal medications (64.4%) and massage (59.3%) were used more often. Notably, back pain (74.3%) was the most common condition for which TM was reportedly used, with only a small percentage (8.3%) reporting any concomitant side-effects. Conclusion There is widespread use of TM among Oman’s urban population. An improved understanding of their benefits will facilitate their incorporation into modern health care services. Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Complementary Medicine, Knowledge, Attitude, Oman
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Traditional Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Complementary Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Oman
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Al-Riyami
creator: Ahmed Al-Maskari
creator: Sunil Nadar
creator: Mohammed Almaskari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Ehretia cymosa Thonn (Boraginaceae) Leaves in Rodents
type: item
description: Ethnobotanical studies in various districts of Ethiopia reported that Ehretia cymosa (E. cymosa) is used for the management of headache, abdominal pain, arthritis and rheumatism. However, there is no scientific investigation done so far to confirm these traditional claims. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the 80% methanol extract and fractions of E. cymosa leaves. Methods The dried and pulverized leaves of E. cymosa were soaked with 80% methanol to obtain a crude extract. Fractionation was done using chloroform, ethyl acetate and water by a soxhlet apparatus. The analgesic effects of the crude extract and solvent fractions were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests whereas anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton-pellet-induced granuloma models. Results In all the tested doses, the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions revealed substantial (p < 0.001) analgesic activities in acetic acid induced writhing test. In the hot plate method, all the tested doses of E. cymosa crude extract and the solvent fractions produced significant analgesic activities (p < 0.05). In the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model, all tested doses of the crude extract and solvent fractions resulted in a significant decline in paw edema. The 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of E. cymosa at all the tested doses significantly reduced inflammatory exudates and granuloma mass formations (p < 0.001). Conclusion From the results of this investigation, it can be stated that 80% methanol extract, aqueous, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of E. cymosa exhibited considerable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the plant’s traditional use as a remedy for a variety of painful and inflammatory conditions. Keywords: analgesic, hot plate, anti-inflammatory, Ehretia cymosa, carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton pellet granuloma
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: analgesic
  topic: keywords
subject: hot plate
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-inflammatory
  topic: keywords
subject: Ehretia cymosa
  topic: keywords
subject: carrageenan-induced paw edema
  topic: keywords
subject: cotton pellet granuloma
  topic: keywords
creator: Getachew Ashagrie
creator: Abiy Abebe
creator: Shemsu Umer
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

We are (not) Different from the Others: Religious Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovakia and India
type: item
description: Although the narrative of modernity has been rejected by numerous scientists, it remains a powerful paradigm. Several Western countries have, during the COVID-19 pandemic, witnessed renewed interest in some archaic practices and beliefs. Based mostly on media analysis, this paper provides an insight into religious responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia and India, two completely different cultural areas. Simultaneously, it challenges the self-identification of the West as the epicentre of rational thought, in contrast to the so-called non-Western world. The self-image of superiority adopted by the modern West in terms of religious relevance has proved to be distorted, as the tendency to turn to spiritual practices in times of crisis is not exclusively a feature of non-Western societies. Keywords: Pandemic, Religion, Prayer, Worship, Goddess, COVID-19
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Prayer
  topic: keywords
subject: Worship
  topic: keywords
subject: Goddess
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivan Souček
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Plant-Derived Products with Therapeutic Potential against Gastrointestinal Bacteria
type: item
description: The rising burden of antimicrobial resistance and increasing infectious disease outbreaks, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic, has led to a growing demand for the development of natural products as a valuable source of leading medicinal compounds. There is a wide variety of active constituents found in plants, making them an excellent source of antimicrobial agents with therapeutic potential as alternatives or potentiators of antibiotics. The structural diversity of phytochemicals enables them to act through a variety of mechanisms, targeting multiple biochemical pathways, in contrast to traditional antimicrobials. Moreover, the bioactivity of the herbal extracts can be explained by various metabolites working in synergism, where hundreds to thousands of metabolites make up the extract. Although a vast amount of literature is available regarding the use of these herbal extracts against bacterial and viral infections, critical assessments of their quality are lacking. This review aims to explore the efficacy and antimicrobial effects of herbal extracts against clinically relevant gastrointestinal infections including pathogenic Escherichia coli, toxigenic Clostridioides difficile, Campylobacter and Salmonella species. The review will discuss research gaps and propose future approaches to the translational development of plant-derived products for drug discovery purposes for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal infectious diseases. Keywords: plant-derived products, antibiotic resistance, new drug targets, gastrointestinal infections, clinical trials
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Preventative Healthcare
  topic: category
subject: plant-derived products
  topic: keywords
subject: antibiotic resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: new drug targets
  topic: keywords
subject: gastrointestinal infections
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical trials
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatimah Qassadi
creator: Zheying Zhu
creator: Tanya Monaghan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Plant Rhazya stricta Using Various Solvents
type: item
description: Worldwide, human beings have traditionally employed many folkloric herbal resources as complementary and alternative remedies, and these remedies have played a pivotal role in modern medicines for many decades, as scientists have used them to develop drugs. We studied the effects of employing solvents with varying polarity on the yields of phytochemical components extracted from the plant Rhazya stricta. We used chloroform–methanol (1:1), methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents. The results showed that the efficiencies of the solvents at extracting phytochemical compounds were in this order: chloroform–methanol < ethanol < methanol < diethyl ether < ethyl acetate extract. The chloroform–methanol extract produced the highest concentration of phenolic and flavonoid contents among the five solvents tested (13.3 mg GAE/g DM and 5.43 CE/g DM). The yields of the extracted phytochemical compounds ranged from 47.55 to 6.05%. The results revealed that the properties of the extraction solvents considerably impacted the extraction yield and the phytochemical components of the R. stricta extract. Furthermore, compared with the other solvents, the chloroform–methanol extraction led to the highest yield (47.55%) and to more phytochemical substances being extracted. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical compounds extracted from R. stricta with different solvents that have different polarities. Keywords: phytochemical compounds, different solvents, Rhazya stricta, alkaloid, plant
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: phytochemical compounds
  topic: keywords
subject: different solvents
  topic: keywords
subject: Rhazya stricta
  topic: keywords
subject: alkaloid
  topic: keywords
subject: plant
  topic: keywords
creator: Nabih Baeshen
creator: Yaaser Almulaiky
creator: Mohamed Afifi
creator: Ammar Al-Farga
creator: Haytham Ali
creator: Naseebh Baeshen
creator: Mosleh Abomughaid
creator: Aaser Abdelazim
creator: Mohammed Baeshen
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Withaferin A: A Pleiotropic Anticancer Agent from the Indian Medicinal Plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
type: item
description: Cancer represents the second most deadly disease and one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are the major types of treatment strategies that have been implemented in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, these treatment options suffer from major limitations, such as drug-resistance and adverse effects, which may eventually result in disease recurrence. Many phytochemicals have been investigated for their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models and clinical studies to discover newer therapeutic agents with fewer adverse effects. Withaferin A, a natural bioactive molecule isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, has been reported to impart anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines and preclinical cancer models by modulating the expression and activity of different oncogenic proteins. In this article, we have comprehensively discussed the biosynthesis of withaferin A as well as its antineoplastic activities and mode-of-action in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also reviewed the effect of withaferin A on the expression of miRNAs, its combinational effect with other cytotoxic agents, withaferin A-based formulations, safety and toxicity profiles, and its clinical potential. Keywords: withaferin A, cancer, apoptosis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, formulations
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: withaferin A
  topic: keywords
subject: cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: apoptosis
  topic: keywords
subject: angiogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: chemoresistance
  topic: keywords
subject: formulations
  topic: keywords
creator: Suneel Kumar
creator: Sardul Sandhu
creator: Kassidy Webber
creator: Kwang-Seok Ahn
creator: Gautam Sethi
creator: Chakrabhavi Mohan
creator: Hardeep Tulli
creator: Ravindra Aharwal
creator: Stephen Mathew
creator: Anupam Bishayee
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity of Ultrasonic Nanoemulsion of Cinnamomum Cassia L. Essential Oil
type: item
description: Cinnamomum cassia (C. assia) has long been used in traditional holistic medicine for its medicinal properties. It is used as an antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. Cinnamon, in particular, the essential oil of C. cassia, has significant biological properties. Despite this, the volatility, stability, and insolubility of C. cassia essential oil (CEO) remain the main disadvantages that limit its application, ultimately affecting its pharmacological efficacy. To find a solution to this problem, we developed the CEO nanoemulsion (CEO-NE). For lipophilic compounds, insoluble nanoemulsion-based formulations are a popular delivery strategy. In this research work, a highly stable dosage form named CEO-NE was successfully developed using polysorbate 80 and water. The findings show that the synthesized CEO has a uniform shape with a PDI of 0.380 and an adequate particle size of 221.8 nm. The antioxidant outcomes show excellent results for CEO-NE compared to CEO against DPPH and hydrogen peroxide. The obtained antibacterial activity of CEO-NE was more efficient than that of CEO against Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC 8911) with 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively. The CEO-NE preparation was tested against an alveolar lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) with an IC50 of 50.21 µg/mL for CEO and 18.05 µg/mL for CEO-NE, respectively. These results are encouraging for future translational studies on CEO-NE use in lung cancer therapy due to its excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and killing kinetic properties. Keywords: Cinnamomum cassia, essential oil, antioxidant, nanoemulsion, biological properties
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: Cinnamomum cassia
  topic: keywords
subject: essential oil
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: nanoemulsion
  topic: keywords
subject: biological properties
  topic: keywords
creator: Aftab Alam
creator: Mohammad Ansari
creator: Mohammed Alqarni
creator: Mohammad Salkini
creator: Mohammad Raish
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Medical Countermeasures against Ricin Intoxication
type: item
description: Ricin toxin is a disulfide-linked glycoprotein (AB toxin) comprising one enzymatic A chain (RTA) and one cell-binding B chain (RTB) contained in the castor bean, a Ricinus species. Ricin inhibits peptide chain elongation via disruption of the binding between elongation factors and ribosomes, resulting in apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, in addition to the classically known rRNA damage. Ricin has been used in traditional medicine throughout the world since prehistoric times. Because ricin toxin is highly toxic and can be readily extracted from beans, it could be used as a bioweapon (CDC B-list). Due to its extreme lethality and potential use as a biological weapon, ricin toxin remains a global public health concern requiring specific countermeasures. Currently, no specific treatment for ricin intoxication is available. This review focuses on the drugs under development. In particular, some examples are reviewed to demonstrate the proof of concept of antibody-based therapy. Chemical inhibitors, small proteins, and vaccines can serve as alternatives to antibodies or may be used in combination with antibodies. Keywords: antitoxin, antibodies, ricin, small-molecule inhibitors, medical countermeasures, vaccines
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: antitoxin
  topic: keywords
subject: antibodies
  topic: keywords
subject: ricin
  topic: keywords
subject: small-molecule inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: medical countermeasures
  topic: keywords
subject: vaccines
  topic: keywords
creator: Christine Rasetti-Escargueil
creator: Arnaud Avril
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12

Pan-Genomics of Escherichia albertii for Antibiotic Resistance Profiling in Different Genome Fractions and Natural Product Mediated Intervention: In Silico Approach
type: item
description: Escherichia albertii is an emerging, enteric pathogen of significance. It was first isolated in 2003 from a pediatric diarrheal sample from Bangladesh. In this study, a comprehensive in silico strategy was followed to first list out antibiotic-resistant genes from core, accessory and unique genome fractions of 95 available genomes of E. albertii. Then, 56 drug targets were identified from the core essential genome. Finally, ZipA, an essential cell division protein that stabilizes the FtsZ protofilaments by cross-linking them and serves as a cytoplasmic membrane anchor for the Z ring, was selected for further downstream processing. It was computationally modeled using a threading approach, followed by virtual screening of two phytochemical libraries, Ayurvedic (n = 2103 compounds) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 36,043 compounds). ADMET profiling, followed by PBPK modeling in the central body compartment, in a population of 250 non-diseased, 250 cirrhotic and 250 renally impaired people was attempted. ZINC85624912 from Chinese medicinal library showed the highest bioavailability and plasma retention. This is the first attempt to simulate the fate of natural products in the body through PBPK. Dynamics simulation of 20 ns for the top three compounds from both libraries was also performed to validate the stability of the compounds. The obtained information from the current study could aid wet-lab scientists to work on the scaffold of screened drug-like compounds from natural resources and could be useful in our quest for therapy against antibiotic-resistant E. albertii. Keywords: emerging pathogens, Escherichia albertii, phytochemicals, ZipA, traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, pharmcokinetics
subject: Preprints
  topic: section
subject: emerging pathogens
  topic: keywords
subject: Escherichia albertii
  topic: keywords
subject: phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: ZipA
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional Chinese medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Ayurvedic medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmcokinetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Khurshid Jalal
creator: Kanwal Khan
creator: Ajmal Hayat
creator: Sulaiman Alnasser
creator: Alotaibi Meshal
creator: Zarrin Basharat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AyuRxiv
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12