Chemical Profiling and Therapeutic Evaluation of Standardized Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Terminalia chebula Fruits Collected from Different Locations in Manipur against Colorectal Cancer
Authors
Soibam Devi
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Khaidem Chanu
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Nameirakpam Singh
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Sushil Chaudhary
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Ojit Keithellakpam
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Kshetrimayum Singh
Department of Zoology, Manipur University (MU), Imphal 795003, Manipur, India
Pulok Mukherjee
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Nanaocha Sharma
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Keywords:
Terminalia chebula Retz., north east India, GC-MS, HPTLC, cytotoxicity, HCT 116
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. (Fam. Combretaceae), locally called Manahei, is a well-known medicinal plant that grows wildly in Manipur, a Northeastern state of India. It is used as a mild laxative, an anti-inflammatory agent, and a remedy for piles, colds, and ulcers by ethnic communities of the state. The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from four fruit samples of T. chebula collected from different locations in Manipur were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for their chemical constituents and evaluated for their anticancer activity against the colon cancer cell HCT 116. GC-MS analysis results indicated significant variation in the composition and percentage of major compounds present in the extracts. 1,2,3-Benzenetriol was the most abundant chemical constituent present in all four extracts of T. chebula, ranging from 20.95 to 43.56%. 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and catechol were commonly present in all extracts. Two marker compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid, were also quantified usingHPTLC in all four extracts of T. chebula. The highest content of gallic acid (22.44 ± 0.056 µg/mg of dried extract) was observed in TCH, and that of ellagic acidwas found in TYH (11.265 ± 0.089 µg/mg of dried extract). The IC50 value of TYH for the DPPH and ABTS assays (12.16 ± 0.42 and 7.80 ± 0.23 µg/mL) was found to be even lower than that of Trolox (18 ± 0.44 and 10.15 ± 0.24 µg/mL), indicating its strong antioxidant properties among the four extracts of T. chebula. The MTT assay determined the effect of T. chebula extracts on the viability of HCT 116 cells. TYH showed the highest activity with anIC50 value of 52.42 ± 0.87 µg/mL, while the lowest activity was observed in TCH (172.05 ± 2.0 µg/mL). The LDH assay confirmed the cytotoxic effect of TYH in HCT 116 cells. TYH was also found to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCT 116 cells after 48 h of treatment. Our study provides insight into the diversity of T. chebula in Manipur and its potential activity against colon cancer.
Keywords: Terminalia chebula Retz., north east India, GC-MS, HPTLC, cytotoxicity, HCT 116
Author Biographies
Soibam Devi, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization
Khaidem Chanu, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Nameirakpam Singh, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Sushil Chaudhary, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Ojit Keithellakpam, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
Methodology, Resources, Data curation, Writing – review & editing
Nanaocha Sharma, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
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