Objective
To assess the hepatoprotective effect of Solanum xanthocarpum (S. xanthocarpum) fruit extract against antitubercular drug-induced liver toxicity in experimental animals.
Methods
Ethanolic (50%) fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw) was administered daily for 35 days in experimental animals. Liver toxicity was induced by combination of three antitubercular drugs [isoniazid (I) 7.5 mg/kg, rifampicin (R) 10 mg/kg and pyrazinamide (P) 35 mg/kg] given orally as suspension for 35 days in rats. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatise (ALP), total bilirubin (TBL), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), lactate dehydroginase (LDH), and serum cholesterol (CHL). Meanwhile, in vivo antioxidant activities as lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in rat liver homogenate. The biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination.
Results
The results demonstrated that treatment with S. xanthocarpum significantly (P<0.05-P<0.001) and dose-dependently prevented drug induced increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes. Furthermore, S. xanthocarpum significantly (up to P<0.001) reduced the LPO in the liver tissue and restored activities of defence antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and CAT towards normal levels. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that S. xanthocarpum attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis and led to reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration.
Conclusions
The results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of S. xanthocarpum against liver injury which may be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity, and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.
Keywords: Solanum xanthocarpum, Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Antioxidant, Antihepatotoxicity, Hepatoprotective effect, Antitubercular drug, Liver toxicity, Liver injury, Biochemical parameter, Histopathology
Author Biographies
Talib Hussain, Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226001
Ramesh Gupta, Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
Department of Pharmacology, Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Berhampur-760002 (Orissa)
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