Anti-apoptotic mechanism of Bacoside rich extract against reactive nitrogen species induced activation of iNOS/Bax/caspase 3 mediated apoptosis in L132 cell line
Authors
T Anand
Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
M Pandareesh
Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
Pratiksha Bhat
Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
M Venkataramana
Microbiology Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
Nitric oxide is a highly reactive free radical gas that reacts with a wide range of bio-molecules to produce reactive nitrogen species and exerts nitrative stress. Bacopa monniera is a traditional folk and ayurvedic medicine known to alleviate a variety of disorders. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective propensity of Bacopa monniera extract (BME) through its oxido-nitrosative and anti-apoptotic mechanism to attenuate sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced apoptosis in a human embryonic lung epithelial cell line (L132). Our results elucidate that pre-treatment of L132 cells with BME ameliorates the mitochondrial and plasma membrane damage induced by SNP as evidenced by MTT and LDH leakage assays. BME pre-treatment inhibited NO generation by down-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. BME exhibited potent antioxidant activity by up-regulating the antioxidant enzymes. SNP-induced damage to cellular, nuclear and mitochondrial integrity was also restored by BME, which was confirmed by ROS estimation, comet assay and mitochondrial membrane potential assays respectively. BME pre-treatment efficiently attenuated the SNP-induced apoptotic biomarkers such as Bax, cytochrome-c and caspase-3, which orchestrate the proteolytic damage of the cell. By considering all these findings, we report that BME protects L132 cells against SNP-induced toxicity via its free radical scavenging and anti-apoptotic mechanism.
Keywords: Sodium nitroprusside, Bacopa monniera, Human embryonic lung epithelial cells (L132), Reactive nitrogen species, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Apoptosis
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