Antiproliferative effects of Plumbago rosea and its purified constituent plumbagin on SK-MEL 28 melanoma cell lines
Authors
Alexander Anuf
Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar,Tamil Nadu, India
Rajesh Ramachandran
Biogenix Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Rajaram Krishnasamy
Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
PS Gandhi
Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Sureshkumar Periyasamy
Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Keywords:
BCL-2, ethanolic root extract of P. rosea, high performance liquid chromatography, Plumbago rosea, plumbagin, SK-MEL 28
Abstract
Plumbago rosea is used in traditional systems of medicine for the preparation of formulations used for treating inflammations, cough, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal disorders, and also in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of plumbagin, and the ethanolic root extract of P. rosea (ETPR) was evaluated on SK-MEL 28 melanoma cell lines and human lymphocytes.
Materials and Methods:
MTT and apoptotic assays were used for the evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects, respectively. In addition, the effect of Plumbagin and ETPR in down regulation of BCL-2 expression is investigated using RT-PCR analysis.
Results:
Both plumbagin and ETPR dose-dependently decreased the cell viability more potently in melanoma cell lines. P. rosea extract demonstrated significant synergy in inhibiting BCL-2 expression than plumbagin. Moreover plumbagin showed more toxicity in human lymphocytes.
Conclusion:
Plumbagin has anti-cancer potential, but the side effects limits its use; yet plumbagin, in combination with other ingredients in Plumbago rosea extract, displays significant synergy leading to a stronger anticancer effect with significantly less toxicity.
Keywords: BCL-2, ethanolic root extract of P. rosea, high performance liquid chromatography, Plumbago rosea, plumbagin, SK-MEL 28
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