Preprint / Version 1

Multiple pathways are responsible for Anti-inflammatory and Cardiovascular activities of Hordeum vulgare L.

Authors

  • Saima Gul PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410 Bander Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
  • Sagheer Ahmed PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410 Bander Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
  • Nurolaini Kifli PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410 Bander Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
  • Qazi Uddin Department of Surgery, Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat, 26000 Pakistan
  • Nafisa Tahir Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat, 26000 Pakistan
  • Abrar Hussain Department of Biotechnology & Informtics, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences, Quetta-87300 Quetta, Pakistan
  • Hawa Jaafar Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
  • Marius Moga Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
  • Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq The Patent Office, Karachi, Pakistan

Keywords:

Inflammation, Hordeum vulgare, Platelets, Cyclooxygenase, Lipoxygenase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase

Abstract

Hordeum vulgare L. (HV or barley) is used by traditional healers to treat various inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, without the knowledge of pharmacologic rationale behind its actions. This study was designed to explore the potential scientific mechanism(s) that could explain the use of Hordeum vulgare in traditional medicine as a treatment for various inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Methods A crude extract and its three fractions were prepared from HV and screened for the inhibition of platelet aggregation and various metabolites of cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism as well as for its effects on certain antioxidant enzymes. Platelet aggregation was monitored using turbidometric principle, AA metabolism through radioimmunoassay and antioxidant enzymes by commercial kits using spectrophotometer. Results Results show that HV exhibited activities against all human platelet agonists used except adenine diphosphate, and inhibited both COX and LOX pathways of AA metabolism. It also elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, these activities were distributed in various fractions of HV. Aqueous fraction was most potent in elevating SOD activity; chloroform fraction had concentrated compounds responsible for COX inhibition while n-hexane seems to possess compounds responsible for LOX inhibition as well as the only fraction enhancing the activity of GPx. Conclusions These results suggest the likely mechanisms responsible for observed anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects of HV in traditional medicine. Keywords: Inflammation, Hordeum vulgare, Platelets, Cyclooxygenase, Lipoxygenase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase

Author Biography

Sagheer Ahmed, PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410 Bander Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam

Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, 26000 Pakistan

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