Resolving Identification Issues of Saraca asoca from Its Adulterant and Commercial Samples Using Phytochemical Markers
Authors
Satisha Hegde
Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Harsha Hegde
Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Sunil Jalalpure
Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Malleswara Peram
Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Sandeep Pai
Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Subarna Roy
Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Keywords:
Adulteration, chemical fingerprinting, high-performance liquid chromatography, Polyalthia longifolia, Saraca asoca
Abstract
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (Ashoka) is a highly valued endangered medicinal tree species from Western Ghats of India. Besides treating cardiac and circulatory problems, S. asoca provides immense relief in gynecological disorders. Higher price and demand, in contrast to the smaller population size of the plant, have motivated adulteration with other plants such as Polyalthia longifolia (Sonnerat) Thwaites. The fundamental concerns in quality control of S. asoca arise due to its part of medicinal value (Bark) and the chemical composition. Phytochemical fingerprinting with proper selection of analytical markers is a promising method in addressing quality control issues. In the present study, high-performance liquid chromatography of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin) coupled to multivariate analysis was used. Five samples each of S. asoca, P. longifolia from two localities alongside five commercial market samples showed evidence of adulteration. Subsequently, multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis was established to discriminate the adulterants of S. asoca. The proposed method ascertains identification of S. asoca from its putative adulterant P. longifolia and commercial market samples. The data generated may also serve as baseline data to form a quality standard for pharmacopoeias.
SUMMARY
Simultaneous quantification of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin from Saraca asoca by high-performance liquid chromatography
Detection of S. asoca from adulterant and commercial samples
Use of analytical method along with a statistical tool for addressing quality issues.
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Abbreviations used: HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; RP-HPLC: Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography; CAT: Catechin; EPI: Epicatechin; GA: Gallic acid; PCA: Principal Component Analysis.
Keywords: Adulteration, chemical fingerprinting, high-performance liquid chromatography, Polyalthia longifolia, Saraca asoca
Author Biographies
Satisha Hegde, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Sunil Jalalpure, Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Department of Pharmacognosy, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Sandeep Pai, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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