Impact of Shodhana an Ayurvedic purification process on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of Croton tiglium Linn.
Authors
Pallavi Jamadagni
aRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
Anagha Ranade
bHeadquarters, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Under Min. of AYUSH, 61-65 Institutional Area, Janakpuri, Opp. D Block, New Delhi-110058, India
Shraddha Bharsakale
aRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
Shridhar Chougule
aRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
Shrirang Jamadagni
aRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
Sharad Pawar
aRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
Goli Prasad
cNational Institute of Indian Medical Heritage (CCRAS), Survey No.314, Revenue Board Colony, Gaddiannaram, Hyderabad-500036, India
Sudesh Gaidhani
bHeadquarters, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Under Min. of AYUSH, 61-65 Institutional Area, Janakpuri, Opp. D Block, New Delhi-110058, India
Arun Gurav
aRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
Croton tiglium Linn. (CT) which is commonly called Jaypal is used in Ayurvedic preparations like Ichhabhedi Ras, Asvakancuki Rasa. Due to its toxic contents, seeds of Croton tiglium are purified before use, by the process mentioned in classical Ayurvedic texts called Shodhana meaning purification.
Objectives
The objective of the present study is to study the impact of Ayurvedic Purification process on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Croton tiglium Linn.
Materials and methods
Croton tiglium Linn. Seeds were processed for Shodhana by soaking in water, heating with milk (Snehan) and later grinding in Lemon Juice (Bhavana). Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared before and after purification i.e. Shodhana. Cytotoxicity of the Croton tiglium was studied against Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line by MTT assay. Ames test was performed to study the mutagenicity of the extracts in Salmonella typhi TA 98, 100 and 102 strains. Phytoconstituents were studied by using LCMS analysis.
Results
The results indicated decrease in cytotoxic concentration (IC50) of Croton tiglium seeds after purificationa from 3.03 mg/mL to 0.99 mg/mL in aqueous extract and 18.56 mg/mL to 5.45 mg/mL. Genotoxicity study by Ames test indicated Croton tiglium Linn. Croton tiglium Linn. Seeds are non-genotoxic in strains like S. typhi, TA 98, 100 and 102. There was change in Phytochemical profile before and after shodhana.
Conclusion
Although both the concentrations are practically non-toxic, the decrease in cytotoxic concentration indicates Purification process as described in classical ayurvedic texts i.e. Shodhana has definitely increased the potency of the seeds of Croton tiglium Linn.
Keywords: Croton tiglium Linn., Shodhana, Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity
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