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Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Potential of 3-Oxolupenal and Katononic Acid Isolated from Nuxia oppositifolia

Authors

  • Ali Alqahtani Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.S.A.); [email protected] (S.H.)
  • Syed Hidayathulla Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.S.A.); [email protected] (S.H.)
  • Md Rehman Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.A.E.); [email protected] (S.A.-M.); [email protected] (M.F.A.)
  • Ali ElGamal Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.A.E.); [email protected] (S.A.-M.); [email protected] (M.F.A.)
  • Shaza Al-Massarani Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.A.E.); [email protected] (S.A.-M.); [email protected] (M.F.A.)
  • Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski South Western Sydney Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [email protected]
  • Mohammed Alqahtani Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]
  • Rabab Dib Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; [email protected]
  • Mohamed AlAjmi Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.A.E.); [email protected] (S.A.-M.); [email protected] (M.F.A.)

Keywords:

Nuxia oppositifolia, antioxidant, 3-oxolupenal, katononic acid, DPPH, ABTS, glucosidase, amylase, docking

Abstract

Nuxia oppositifolia is traditionally used in diabetes treatment in many Arabian countries; however, scientific evidence is lacking. Hence, the present study explored the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the plant extracts and their purified compounds. The methanolic crude extract of N. oppositifolia was partitioned using a two-solvent system. The n-hexane fraction was purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield several compounds including katononic acid and 3-oxolupenal. Antidiabetic activities were assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Antioxidant capacities were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Further, the interaction between enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and ligands (3-oxolupenal and katononic acid) was followed by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking studies. 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid showed IC50 values of 46.2 μg/mL (101.6 µM) and 52.4 μg/mL (119.3 µM), respectively against the amylase inhibition. 3-oxolupenal (62.3 µg/mL or 141.9 μM) exhibited more potent inhibition against α-glucosidases compared to katononic acid (88.6 µg/mL or 194.8 μM). In terms of antioxidant activity, the relatively polar crude extract and n-butanol fraction showed the greatest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. However, the antioxidant activities of the purified compounds were in the low to moderate range. Molecular docking studies confirmed that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid interacted strongly with the active site residues of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Fluorescence quenching results also suggest that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid have a good affinity towards both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. This study provides preliminary data for the plant’s use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Nuxia oppositifolia, antioxidant, 3-oxolupenal, katononic acid, DPPH, ABTS, glucosidase, amylase, docking

Author Biography

Ali Alqahtani, Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.S.A.); [email protected] (S.H.)

Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.A.E.); [email protected] (S.A.-M.); [email protected] (M.F.A.)

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