Preprint / Version 1

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Effects of Volatile Oils Hydrodistilled from Onobrychis carduchorum C.C. Towns., a Kurdish Traditional Plant

Authors

  • Hawraz Amin Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (H.A.S.)
  • Kamaran Abdoulrahman Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (H.A.S.)
  • Azad Sadraddin Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected]
  • Heman Smail Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (H.A.S.)
  • Zanko Jawhar Department of Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected]
  • Kovan Issa Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.D.I.); [email protected] (G.V.)
  • Chabaco Armijos Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja 1101608, Ecuador; [email protected]
  • Giovanni Vidari Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.D.I.); [email protected] (G.V.)

Keywords:

Onobrychis carduchorum, Fabaceae, Kurdish traditional medicine, essential oils, antiradical, antioxidant, antiproliferative effects, β-elemene

Abstract

The volatile oils hydrodistilled from the aerial parts and roots of O. carduchorum C.C Towns. (Fabaceae) have been chemically characterized for the first time. A total of 43 constituents with an abundance >0.03% were identified and quantified in the two oils by GC/MS and GC/FID analyses. They comprise 38 components (98.58%) of the oil isolated from the aerial parts (OCA) and 34 components (93.33%) of the oil from the roots (OCR). Six constituents, α-pinene (23.11 ± 0.1%), β-elemene (17.33 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (12.15 ± 0.2%), furfural (7.91 ± 0.1%), terpineol-4-ol (6.32 ± 0.2%), and limonene (4.13 ± 0.1%), accounted for about 75% of the total OCA oil. On the other hand, 1,8-cineole (15.79 ± 0.1%), furfural (10.44 ± 0.1%), β-elemene (10.14 ± 0.2%), α-terpineol (7.74 ± 0.1%), linalool (7.45 ± 0.1%), and α-pinene (4.76 ± 0.1%) made up about 60% of the OCR oil. The IC50 values of the scavenging activities of the OCA and OCR oils towards the DPPH radical and H2O2 were 79.8 ± 0.5 and 153.3 ± 0.6 μg/mL and 394.09 ± 0.2 and 311.67 ± 0.4 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, in the MTS assay, the OCA and OCR oils showed significant antiproliferative effects against T47D, MDA-MB-453, BG-1, and A549 human cancer cells that were more powerful than those against two normal human cell lines, HEK-293 and HFF-1. The abundant presence of β-elemene as an antiproliferative component of the two oils suggested the existence of a new chemotype of O. carduchorum. Keywords: Onobrychis carduchorum, Fabaceae, Kurdish traditional medicine, essential oils, antiradical, antioxidant, antiproliferative effects, β-elemene

Author Biographies

Hawraz Amin, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (H.A.S.)

Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Kamaran Abdoulrahman, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (H.A.S.)

Methodology, Data curation

Azad Sadraddin, Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected]

Methodology

Heman Smail, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (H.A.S.)

Formal analysis

Zanko Jawhar, Department of Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected]

Software

Kovan Issa, Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.D.I.); [email protected] (G.V.)

Software

Chabaco Armijos, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja 1101608, Ecuador; [email protected]

Conceptualization, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Giovanni Vidari, Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; [email protected] (K.D.I.); [email protected] (G.V.)

Conceptualization, Validation, Writing – original draft, Supervision

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