Crop Wild Relatives as Germplasm Resource for Cultivar Improvement in Mint (Mentha L.)
Authors
Kelly Vining
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
Kim Hummer
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
Nahla Bassil
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
B Lange
Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
Colin Khoury
Decision and Policy Analysis, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
Dan Carver
National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United States
Mentha is a strongly scented herb of the Lamiaceae (formerly Labiatae) and includes about 30 species and hybrid species that are distributed or introduced throughout the globe. These fragrant plants have been selected throughout millennia for use by humans as herbs, spices, and pharmaceutical needs. The distilling of essential oils from mint began in Japan and England but has become a significant industrial product for the US, China, India, and other countries. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) maintains a mint genebank in Corvallis, Oregon. This facility preserves and distributes about 450 clones representing 34 taxa, hybrid species, advanced breeder selections, and F1 hybrids. Mint crop wild relatives are included in this unique resource. The majority of mint accessions and hybrids in this collection were initially donated in the 1970s by the A.M. Todd Company, located in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Other representatives of diverse mint taxa and crop wild relatives have since been obtained from collaborators in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and Vietnam. These mints have been evaluated for cytology, oil components, verticillium wilt resistance, and key morphological characters. Pressed voucher specimens have been prepared for morphological identity verification. An initial set of microsatellite markers has been developed to determine clonal identity and assess genetic diversity. Plant breeders at private and public institutions are using molecular analysis to determine identity and diversity of the USDA mint collection. Evaluation and characterization includes essential oil content, disease resistance, male sterility, and other traits for potential breeding use. These accessions can be a source for parental genes for enhancement efforts to produce hybrids, or for breeding new cultivars for agricultural production. Propagules of Mentha are available for distribution to international researchers as stem cuttings, rhizome cuttings, or seed, which can be requested through the GRIN-Global database of the US National Plant Germplasm System, subject to international treaty and quarantine regulations.
Keywords: mint, peppermint, spearmint, verticillium wilt, monoterpene
Author Biographies
Kim Hummer, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
National Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, United States
Nahla Bassil, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
National Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, United States
Colin Khoury, Decision and Policy Analysis, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United States
Dan Carver, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United States
Colorado State University, Geospatial Centroid, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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