Herbal immune-boosters: Substantial warriors of pandemic Covid-19 battle
Authors
Kanika Khanna
aPlant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Renu Bhardwaj
aPlant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Ajaz Ahmad
eDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Anket Sharma
aPlant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Puja Ohri
cDepartment of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Vinay Bhardwaj
bDepartment of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine
Abhay Bhardwaj
bDepartment of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine
Ravdeep Kaur
aPlant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Sukhmeen Kohli
aPlant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Parvaiz Ahmad
fDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Current scenario depicts that world has been clenched by COVID-19 pandemic. Inevitably, public health and safety measures could be undertaken in order to dwindle the infection threat and mortality. Moreover, to overcome the global menace and drawing out world from moribund stage, there is an exigency for social distancing and quarantines. Since December, 2019, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have came into existence and up till now world is still in the state of shock.At this point of time, COVID-19 has entered perilous phase, creating havoc among individuals, and this has been directly implied due to enhanced globalisation and ability of the virus to acclimatize at all conditions. The unabated transmission is due to lack of drugs, vaccines and therapeutics against this viral outbreak. But research is still underway to formulate the vaccines or drugs by this means, as scientific communities are continuously working to unravel the pharmacologically active compounds that might offer a new insight for curbing infections and pandemics. Therefore, the topical COVID-19 situation highlights an immediate need for effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Towards this effort, the present review discusses the vital concepts related to COVID-19, in terms of its origin, transmission, clinical aspects and diagnosis. However, here, we have formulated the novel concept hitherto, ancient means of traditional medicines or herbal plants to beat this pandemic.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Herbal plants, Natural therapeutics, Traditional medicine, Immune-System Rebooting, PAK-1 Blockers
Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormones; APC, antigen presenting cell; ARC, artepillin C; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ASCs, antibody-secreting cells; AYUSH, ayurvedic, yoga and naturopathy, unani, siddha and homeopathy; C-1, Caspase-1; CAPE, caffeic acid phenyl ester; CHM, Chinese herbal medicine; GCSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; ICTV, international committee on taxonomy of viruses; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; IL, interleukin; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinases; MCP1, monocytechemoattractant protein 1; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome; MIP1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1; MT, metalloprotease; MVD, molegro virtual docker; NF, neuro fibromatosis; NK, natural killer; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor proteins; PDB, protein data bank; R0, basic reproduction number; RBD, receptor-binding domain; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; TCM, traditional Chinese medicines; Tfh, follicular helper T-cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; WHO, World Health Organisation
Author Biography
Anket Sharma, aPlant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
dState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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