Phytochemical Screening on Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Six Indigenous Plants Used in Traditional Thai Medicine
Authors
Tanawuth Tiranakwit
Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected]
Wimonwan Puangpun
Program of Doctor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected]
Kawintra Tamprasit
Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.S.)
Natthapong Wichai
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; [email protected]
Sirithon Siriamornpun
Research Unit of Thai Food Innovation, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; [email protected]
Tarapong Srisongkram
Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.S.)
Natthida Weerapreeyakul
Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.S.)
Keywords:
antioxidant, phenolics, flavonoids, indigenous plants, heatmap, principal component analysis
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of a traditional Thai formula has been studied and compared to each plant. The formula comprised the roots of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler, Huberantha cerasoides (Roxb.) Benth), Oxyceros horridus Lour, Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaerth, Combretum quadrangulare Kurz, and Ziziphus cambodiana Pierre. The stem was also studied in comparison. The ethanolic extract from each plant part and the mixed plants mimicking the traditional formula were prepared and investigated for antioxidant capability in vitro via DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The phytochemical constituents were determined by chemical screening, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between antioxidant activity and the contributed phytochemicals was determined using correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that extracts from both parts of the plant formula showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to a single plant extract. Among the six plants, C. digyna exhibited the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. TPC had a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activity. PCA revealed that gallic acid contributed to the antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of the traditional formula and C. digyna have the potential for further chemical characterization and study related to antioxidant activity.
Keywords: antioxidant, phenolics, flavonoids, indigenous plants, heatmap, principal component analysis
Author Biographies
Tanawuth Tiranakwit, Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected]
Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization
Wimonwan Puangpun, Program of Doctor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected]
Methodology, Formal analysis
Kawintra Tamprasit, Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.S.)
Methodology, Formal analysis
Natthapong Wichai, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; [email protected]
Methodology, Resources
Sirithon Siriamornpun, Research Unit of Thai Food Innovation, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; [email protected]
Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis
Tarapong Srisongkram, Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.S.)
Methodology, Formal analysis
Natthida Weerapreeyakul, Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.S.)
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