Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract and Fractions: Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant, Enzymes (α-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Tyrosinase) Inhibitory, Anticancer, and Antidiabetic Activities
Authors
Zhenxing Wang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.)
Zongcai Tu
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.)
Xing Xie
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; [email protected]
Hao Cui
College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; [email protected]
Kin Kong
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; [email protected]
Lu Zhang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.)
This study aims to evaluate the bioactive components, in vitro bioactivities, and in vivo hypoglycemic effect of P. frutescens leaf, which is a traditional medicine-food homology plant. P. frutescens methanol crude extract and its fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions, and aqueous phase residue) were prepared by ultrasound-enzyme assisted extraction and liquid–liquid extraction. Among the samples, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the high total phenolic (440.48 μg GAE/mg DE) and flavonoid content (455.22 μg RE/mg DE), the best antioxidant activity (the DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power were 1.71, 1.14, 2.40, 1.29, and 2.4 times higher than that of control Vc, respectively), the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitory ability with the IC50 value of 190.03 μg/mL which was 2.2-folds higher than control acarbose, the strongest proliferative inhibitory ability against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell with the IC50 values of 37.92 and 13.43 μg/mL, which were considerable with control cisplatin, as well as certain inhibition abilities on acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase. HPLC analysis showed that the luteolin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, and catechin were the dominant components of the ethyl acetate fraction. Animal experiments further demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction could significantly decrease the serum glucose level, food, and water intake of streptozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats, increase the body weight, modulate their serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, improve the histopathology and glycogen accumulation in liver and intestinal tissue. Taken together, P. frutescens leaf exhibits excellent hypoglycemic activity in vitro and in vivo, and could be exploited as a source of natural antidiabetic agent.
Keywords: P. frutescens leaf, phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory, anticancer ability, antidiabetic activity
Author Biographies
Zhenxing Wang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.)
College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
Zongcai Tu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.)
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; [email protected]
Lu Zhang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.)
National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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