Artemisia and its allied species have been employed for conventional medicine in the Northern temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia for the treatments of digestive problems, morning sickness, irregular menstrual cycle, typhoid, epilepsy, renal problems, bronchitis malaria, etc. The multidisciplinary use of artemisia species has various other health benefits that are related to its traditional and modern pharmaceutical perspectives. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the traditional, modern, biological as well as pharmacological use of the essential oil and herbal extracts of Artemisia nilagirica, Artemisia parviflora, and other allied species of Artemisia. It also discusses the botanical circulation and its phytochemical constituents viz disaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The plants have different biological importance like antiparasitic, antimalarial, antihyperlipidemic, antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anxiolytic, antiemetic, antidepressant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, insecticidal, antiviral activities, and also against COVID-19. Toxicological studies showed that the plants at a low dose and short duration are non or low-toxic. In contrast, a high dose at 3 g/kg and for a longer duration can cause toxicity like rapid respiration, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, etc. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medicinal uses, clinical efficacy and safety are crucial next steps.
Keywords: Artemisia, Phytochemical constituents, Essential oil, Sesquiterpenes, Pharmacological activity, COVID-19, Toxicological studies
Author Biographies
Dharmendra Kumar, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Distt. Kangra, Kathog, H.P. 176031 India
Kamal Dua, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P. 173 229 India
Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007 Australia
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