David Shaye
aDivision of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Purpose of review
Total nasal reconstruction is a unique plastic surgery challenge of the highest order. The history of nasal reconstruction dates back to ancient times and it remains a fundamental challenge today. This article reviews the historical context of nasal reconstruction, and highlights how the essential tenets of this art have been conserved over millennia.
Recent findings
The disfiguring and brutal practice of nasal amputation created a demand for ‘nosemakers’ in India since 1500 BC. In 600 BC, Sushruta described the use of a leaf to make a template of the wound, and a cheek flap to supply tissue. In the 1400–1500s, the Italians relied on similar flap concepts, but employed a pedicled arm flap for soft tissue coverage. Eventually, the forehead flap, or ‘Indian method’ of nasal reconstruction, made its way to Europe in the 1800s. Its use has been a fundamental component of nasal reconstruction to this day.
Summary
Knowledge of the unique history of nasal reconstruction permits appreciation of this surgical integration of art and science. The story of nasal reconstruction has been one of global contribution and creativity that has stood the test of time.
Keywords: ‘Indian Method’, forehead flap, nasal reconstruction, Rhinoplasty, Sushruta, Tagliacozzi
Author Biography
David Shaye, aDivision of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
bDepartment of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
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