Computational and network pharmacology studies of Phyllanthus emblica to tackle SARS-CoV-2
Authors
Rupesh Chikhale
aUCL School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
Saurabh Sinha
bDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Shukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India
Pukar Khanal
cDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE, Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi 590010, India
Nilambari Gurav
dDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa 403401, India
Muniappan Ayyanar
eDepartment of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Thanjavur 613 503, India
Satyendra Prasad
fDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. University, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
Manish Wanjari
gRegional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Rajesh Patil
hSinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Shailendra Gurav
iDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa- 403 001, India
Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 had been a significant threat globally, which has accounted for about two million deaths. Several types of research are undergoing and have reported the significant role of repurposing existing drugs and natural lead in the treatment of COVID-19. The plant Phyllanthus emblica (Synonym-Emblica officinalis) (Euphorbiaceae) is a rich source of vitamin C, and its use as an antiviral agent has been well established.
Purpose
The present study was undertaken to investigate the potency of the several components of Phyllanthus emblica against three protein targets of 2019-nCoV viz. NSP15 endoribonuclease, main protease, and receptor binding domain of prefusion spike protein using molecular docking and dynamics studies.
Methods
The docking simulation studies were carried out using Schrödinger maestro 2018-1 MM share version, while dynamics studies were conducted to understand the binding mechanism and the complexes' stability studies.
Results
Out of sixty-six tested compounds, Chlorogenic acid, Quercitrin, and Myricetin were most effective in showing the highest binding energy against selected protein targets of SARS-CoV-2. The network pharmacology analysis study confirmed these compounds' role in modulating the immune response, inflammatory cascade, and cytokine storm through different signaling pathways.
Conclusion
Current pharmacoinformatic approach shows possible role of Phyllanthus emblica in the treatment and management of COVID-19.
Keywords: Emblica officinalis, COVID19, Pandemic, Chlorogenic acid, Amlaki, Myricetin, Molecular Dynamics, Ayurveda
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