Deepali Mathur
Department of Neurology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Akshay Anand
Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
Vinod Srivastava
College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, USA
Suchitra Patil
Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Amit Singh
Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
SK Rajesh
Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
HR Nagendra
Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Raghuram Nagarathna
Department of Arogyadhama, Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (VYASA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are two to three times more vulnerable to develop depressive symptomatology.
Purpose:
To report the association between depression and high-risk diabetes in India.
Methods:
A total of 1,606 adults were recruited for the study. A patient health questionnaire was used to determine the depression on the basis of score. A statistical analysis was done using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary logistic regression to determine the association between diabetes categories and four degrees of depression.
Results:
Out of 1,606 participants, 52.6% were males and 47.4% were females, 56.4% belonged to the urban area and 43.6% to the rural area. However, 19.5% (314) had diabetes; 29.1% of diabetes individuals had minimal depression, 38.7% had mild, 17.2% moderate, 12.0% moderately severe, and 3.1% had severe depression. In the self-reported diabetic participant group (N = 142), there was a significantly higher degree of severe depression (3.3%) in the uncontrolled group (HbA1c >7%) as compared to the well-controlled diabetes group (HbA1c <7%). ANCOVA in gender differences in the uncontrolled diabetes group showed that male gender had significantly (P = –.02) higher mean scores of depression.
Conclusion:
This study found that there is a positive association between depression and uncontrolled diabetes in male gender.
Keywords: Diabetic mellitus, Comorbidities, Depression, IDRS, HbA1c, Yoga, Mindfulness
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