Preprint / Version 1

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Using Morphological and SSR Markers

Authors

  • Ahmad Alhariri Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; [email protected]
  • Tusar Behera Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; [email protected]
  • Gograj Jat Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; [email protected]
  • Mayanglambam Devi ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hilly Region, Umiam 793103, India; [email protected]
  • G Boopalakrishnan Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; [email protected]
  • Nada Hemeda Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt; [email protected] (N.F.H.); [email protected] (A.A.T.)
  • Ayaat Teleb Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt; [email protected] (N.F.H.); [email protected] (A.A.T.)
  • E Ismail Genetics Department, Agriculture Faculty, University of Sohag, Sohag 82524, Egypt; [email protected]
  • Ahmed Elkordy Biodiversity and Environment Management Department, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; [email protected]

Keywords:

bitter gourd, population structure, genetic diversity, morphological traits, SSR marker

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out using 51 diverse bitter gourd accessions as material for studying genetic diversity and relatedness using morphological and SSR markers. A wide variation was observed for morphological traits like the number of days to the first female flower anthesis (37.33–60.67), the number of days to the first fruit harvest (47.67–72.00), the number of fruits/plant (12.00–46.67), fruit length (5.00–22.23 cm), fruit diameter (1.05–6.38 cm), average fruit weight (20.71–77.67 g) and yield per plant (513.3–1976 g). Cluster analysis for 10 quantitative traits grouped the 51 accessions into 6 clusters. Out of 61 SSR primers screened, 30 were polymorphic and highly informative as a means to differentiate these accessions. Based on genotyping, a high level of genetic diversity was observed, with a total of 99 alleles. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.038 for marker BG_SSR-8 to 0.721 for S-24, with an average of 0.429. The numbers of alleles ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 3.3 alleles per locus. Gene diversity ranged from 0.04 for BG_SSR-8 to 0.76 for S-24, showing a wide variation among 51 accessions. The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped these accessions into 3 major clusters. Cluster I comprised 4 small, fruited accessions that are commercially cultivated in central and eastern India. Cluster II comprised 35 medium- to long-sized fruited accessions, which made up an abundant and diverse group. Cluster III comprised 11 long and extra-long fruited accessions. The polymorphic SSR markers of the study will be highly useful in genetic fingerprinting and mapping, and for association analysis in Momordica regarding several economic traits. Keywords: bitter gourd, population structure, genetic diversity, morphological traits, SSR marker

Author Biographies

Ahmad Alhariri, Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; [email protected]

Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus 30621, Syria

Ahmed Elkordy, Biodiversity and Environment Management Department, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; [email protected]

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sohag, Sohag 82524, Egypt

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