Antiviral Activities of Andrographolide and Its Derivatives: Mechanism of Action and Delivery System
Authors
Sya’ban Adiguna
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.)
Jonathan Panggabean
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.)
Akhirta Atikana
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
Febriana Untari
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
Fauzia Izzati
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
Asep Bayu
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
A’liyatur Rosyidah
Research Center for Biology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Siti Rahmawati
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
Masteria Putra
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
Keywords:
Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide, antivirals, mechanism of action, drug delivery system
Abstract
Andrographispaniculata (Burm.f.) Nees has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries, especially China, India, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. This herbaceous plant extract contains active compounds with multiple biological activities against various diseases, including the flu, colds, fever, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Several isolated compounds from A. paniculata, such as andrographolide and its analogs, have attracted much interest for their potential treatment against several virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms of action in inhibiting viral infections can be categorized into several types, including regulating the viral entry stage, gene replication, and the formation of mature functional proteins. The efficacy of andrographolide as an antiviral candidate was further investigated since the phytoconstituents of A. paniculata exhibit various physicochemical characteristics, including low solubility and low bioavailability. A discussion on the delivery systems of these active compounds could accelerate their development for commercial applications as antiviral drugs. This study critically reviewed the current antiviral development based on andrographolide and its derivative compounds, especially on their mechanism of action as antiviral drugs and drug delivery systems.
Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide, antivirals, mechanism of action, drug delivery system
Author Biographies
Sya’ban Adiguna, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.)
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
Jonathan Panggabean, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.)
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.U.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
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