Unifloral ajwain honey ameliorates differential inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 protein, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant potential
Authors
Shruti Kulkarni
aKLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
Sanjay Mishra
bKAHER's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
Sadanand Patil
dUSM-KLE International Medical Programme, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
Jyotsna Nambiar
eAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana, 690525, Kerala, India
Avinash Math
dUSM-KLE International Medical Programme, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
Keywords:
Ajwain honey, Cytotoxic, Matrix metalloproteinases, Unifloral, Western Ghats
Abstract
Free radicals lead to inflammation, which in turn could intervene several chronic diseases including cancer. The promising scientific finding for anti-cancer properties of honey is an area of great interest.
Objective
The present study was designed to investigate the invitro biological effects (cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory through differential inhibition of metalloproteinases and antioxidant) of unifloral Ajwain honey along with its physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, ash content, electrical conductivity, color, protein).
Materials and methods
Three Ajwain honey samples (AJ-1, AJ-2, and AJ-3) were collected from different geographical origins of Western Ghats of India. Melissopalynological analysis was carried out to confirm uniflorality. Physicochemical analysis for ash, moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, color, and total protein was estimated. Total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, and ferric reducing ability of plasma assay were determined using appropriate methods. The cytotoxic effect was assessed against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins.
Results
Melissopalynological analysis confirmed pollens from Ajwain plant's and so-called Ajwain honey. MTT assay depicted inhibitory trend for all honey samples across the concentrations (6.25–100 mg/ml) as compared to untreated cells. Gelatin zymography of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) showed inhibitory tendency in all Ajwain honey samples. The AJ-3 honey sample had the highest inhibition at 0.625%. A significant correlation between honey color, pH, and protein content was perceived throughout the study.
Conclusion
This study highlights the invitro biological evidence for possible therapeutic application of Ajwain honey samples in cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant management as well as can be considered a potent source of supplements in human nutrition.
Keywords: Ajwain honey, Cytotoxic, Matrix metalloproteinases, Unifloral, Western Ghats
Author Biographies
Shruti Kulkarni, aKLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
dUSM-KLE International Medical Programme, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
Sanjay Mishra, bKAHER's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
cKAHER's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi Campus, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
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