Preprint / Version 1

Evaluation of immunomodulatory and antioxidants properties of Kwath, conventional extracts in plants Cocculus hirsutus and Cuscuta reflexa – in vitro & ex vivo studies

Authors

  • Anita Singh aFood and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
  • Vandana Singh aFood and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
  • R Ananthan bFood Chemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
  • B Kumar aFood and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

Keywords:

Immunomodulation, Ethnic food, Unexplored medicinal plants, Th1/Th2 cytokines, Nutraceuticals

Abstract

Introduction The consumption of ‘Patalagarudi’ (Cocculus hirsutus ‘CHP’) and ‘Amarbel’ (Cuscuta reflexa ‘CRA’) as ethnic plants for health promotions rarely validated. The limited literature reported these plants as antioxidant and immunomodulators. Objective To evaluate the biodynamic properties of CHP and CRA extracts. Methodology The traditional formulation, ‘Kwath’ (K) and conventional extracts were prepared with CRA and CHP. The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated. Various polyphenol compounds in the extracts were eluted on UHPLC. The biodynamic activities; i. Free radical scavenging (FRS-DPPH and ABTS), ii. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity in RAW 264.7 cell line iii. Spleenocytes proliferation assay for Th1/Th2 Immunomodulatory potential by flow-cytometer were assessed. Results The TPC in CRA (105–159 μg GAE/mg) and CHP (35–48 μg GAE/mg) recorded. The chromatographic peaks confirmed the presence of polyphenols in CRA and CHP extracts. UV spectra of the extracts to the extent possible have been correlated with certain polyphenols. The FRS (IC50) was significantly low in CRA-K (DPPH = 22.7; ABTS = 12.0 μg/ml) than CHP-K (DPPH = 70.4; ABTS = 50.2 μg/ml). Similarly, intracellular ROS scavenging activity with CRA-K (84%) showed the highest inhibitory potential compared to CHP-K (50%) and LPS control. The immunomodulatory activity of CRA-K significantly upregulated TH1 cytokines (TNFα and IFN-γ). The downregulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was in all CRA and CHP extracts as compared to Con A. Conclusion The current study confirms the immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of CRA and CHP along with the presence of polyphenols. Keywords: Immunomodulation, Ethnic food, Unexplored medicinal plants, Th1/Th2 cytokines, Nutraceuticals Abbreviations: UHPLC, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; Con A, Concanavalin A; K, Kwath; Eth, Ethanolic; HE, Hydroethanolic

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