Preprint / Version 1

Anti-Diabetic Activity of Bioactive Compound Extracted from Spondias mangifera Fruit: In-Vitro and Molecular Docking Approaches

Authors

  • Mohammad Khalid Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (M.H.A.); [email protected] (A.I.F.); [email protected] (T.M.A.)
  • Mohammed Alqarni Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (M.H.A.); [email protected] (A.I.F.); [email protected] (T.M.A.)
  • Abdulrhman Alsayari Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (S.W.)
  • Ahmed Foudah Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (M.H.A.); [email protected] (A.I.F.); [email protected] (T.M.A.)
  • Tariq Aljarba Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (M.H.A.); [email protected] (A.I.F.); [email protected] (T.M.A.)
  • Mohammad Mukim Department of Pharmacology, Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota 324005, Rajasthan, India; [email protected]
  • Mubarak Alamri Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]
  • Shahabe Abullais Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]
  • Shadma Wahab Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (S.W.)

Keywords:

Spondias mangifera, antidiabetic, antioxidant, in vitro, pharmacokinetic, molecular docking

Abstract

Spondias mangifera is a drupaceous fruit popular for its flavour and health advantages. There is little scientific knowledge about S. mangifera, despite its widespread usage in traditional medicine, in the North-Eastern region of India. Inhibiting the key carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes is one of the strategies for managing diabetes. Therefore, this study studied the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of different fraction S. mangifera fruit extract (SMFFs) from Indian geographical origin by in vitro experimental assays and silico docking simulation studies. The ADMET prediction for active substances was also investigated using the AdmetSAR database. Based on the binding affinity/molecular interactions between phytocompounds and target enzymes, in silico investigations were done to confirm the in vitro enzymatic inhibitory capability. β-sitosterol in EtOH-F was analysed using RP-HPLC with RP-C18 column as stationary phase and photo diode array detector. The percentage of β-sitosterol was found to be 1.21% ± 0.17% of total weight of extract (w/w). S. mangifera fruit ethanolic extract had a significant inhibitory concentration of 50% against free radicals produced by ABTS (89.71 ± 2.73%) and lipid peroxidation assay (88.26 ± 2.17%) tests. Similarly, the in vitro antidiabetic test findings indicated that S. mangifera inhibited alpha-amylase (73.42 ± 2.01%) and alpha-glucosidase (79.23 ± 1.98%) enzymes dose-dependently. The maximum glycosylated Hb percentage inhibitory activity shown in the ethanolic fraction was (83.97 ± 2.88%) at 500 µg/mL. The glucose uptake of the ethanolic fraction by the yeast cell showed significant (p < 0.05) at 500 µg/mL when compared with metformin (91.37 ± 1.59%), whereas the other fraction did not show the uptake of glucose by the yeast cell at the same concentration. In the docking study, the main phytoconstituents of S. mangifera fruit, such as oleanolic acid, beta-sitosterol, and beta amyrin, show strong affinity for pancreatic α-amylase. These results imply that S. mangifera has α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties and may be used as antidiabetic with antioxidant characteristics. Keywords: Spondias mangifera, antidiabetic, antioxidant, in vitro, pharmacokinetic, molecular docking

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