Application of Green Technologies in Design-Based Extraction of Celastrus paniculatus (Jyotishmati) Seeds, SEM, GC-MS Analysis, and Evaluation for Memory Enhancing Potential
Authors
Ashwani Arya
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
Deepak Kaushik
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
Rafa Almeer
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Simona Bungau
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
Saurabh Bhatia
Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
Vineet Mittal
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
Keywords:
Celastrus paniculatus, antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, green approach, Box-Behnken design, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography, response surface methodology
Abstract
The Celastrus paniculatus (CP), commonly known as Jyotishmati, is considered as “elixir of life” by Indian people for the prevention or management of many ailments. The seed powder and its extract have widely used commercially for the preparation of various Ayurvedic formulations for the improvement of memory. CP seeds were generally extracted by conventional extraction methods (CEMs) which are assumed to impact environment burden and also produce low extract yield. Green extraction with possible improvement in extract yield has always been the need of hour for selected medicinal plant.
Objective
In the present research, we aimed to optimize the different extraction factors in microwave and ultrasound-based extraction. The various extracts obtained in conventional and green methods are also evaluated for the possible improvement in memory enhancing potential.
Materials and Methods
The selected medicinal herb was extracted by CEM (maceration and percolation). In green methods such microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted-extraction (UAE), various parameters were optimized using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses were also done to confirm the possible improvement in concentration of plant actives. The Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate memory enhancing potential of different extracts.
Results
At the optimized conditions MAE and UAE the extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and Total flavonoid content (TFC) are significantly improved. The GC-MS analysis further confirms the improvement in concentration of certain fatty acid esters, pilocarpine, and steroidal compounds in optimized extracts. The optimized extracts also exhibited the significant improvement in behavioral parameters, oxidative stress-induced parameters, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential.
Discussion and Conclusion
From the results, we can say that the application of green technologies in design-based extraction of selected herb not only significantly reduces the extraction time but also improves the extract yield and concentration of plant actives. In nutshell, it can be concluded that the green approaches for extraction of seeds of Celastrus paniculatus could be scale up at a commercial level to meet the rising demand for herbal extract.
Keywords: Celastrus paniculatus, antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, green approach, Box-Behnken design, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography, response surface methodology
Author Biography
Saurabh Bhatia, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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