A Reappraisal of the Antiviral Properties of and Immune Regulation through Dietary Phytochemicals
Authors
Mony Thakur
Department
of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
Mona Singh
Department
of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College
of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
Sandeep Kumar
Division
of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
Ved Dwivedi
International
Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
Tikam Dakal
Genome
and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
Vinod Yadav
Department
of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
In the present era of the COVID-19 pandemic, viral infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this day and age, viral infections are rampant and spreading rapidly. Among the most aggressive viral infections are ebola, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), influenza, and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). Even though there are few treatment options for viral diseases, most of the antiviral therapies are ineffective owing to frequent mutations, the development of more aggressive strains, drug resistance, and possible side effects. Traditionally, herbal remedies have been used by healers, including for dietary and medicinal purposes. Many clinical and scientific studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of plant-derived natural compounds. Because of unsafe practices like blood transfusions and organ transplants from infected patients, medical supply contamination. Our antiviral therapies cannot achieve sterile immunity, and we have yet to find a cure for these pernicious infections. Herbs have been shown to improve therapeutic efficacy against a wide variety of viral diseases because of their high concentration of immunomodulatory phytochemicals (both immunoinhibitory and anti-inflammatory). Combined with biotechnology, this folk medicine system can lead to the development of novel antiviral drugs and therapies. In this Review, we will summarize some selected bioactive compounds with probable mechanisms of their antiviral actions, focusing on the immunological axis of these compounds.
Keywords: catechins, ethno-medicine, immunomodulatory phytochemicals, cepharanthine, kaempferol, licorice
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