Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) Genotypes for Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance
Authors
Sudhagar Rajaprakasam
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Priyanka Shanmugavel
Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Vanniarajan Chockalingam
Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Trichy 620027, Tamil Nadu, India
Souframanien Jegadeesan
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
Tnpalayam Latha
Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Saravanan Ananthan
Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Melalathur, Vellore 635806, Tamil Nadu, India
Raveendran Muthurajan
Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Selvaraju Kanagarajan
Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) is an under-utilized legume grown in India. It is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. We screened 252 horse gram germplasm accessions for horse gram yellow mosaic virus resistance using the percent disease index and scaling techniques. The percentage values of highly resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible were 0.34, 13.89, 38.89, 46.43, and 0.34, respectively. Repetitive trials confirmed the host-plant resistance levels, and yield loss was assessed. The present disease index ranged from 1.2 to 72.0 and 1.2 to 73.0 during the kharif and rabi seasons of 2018, respectively. The maximum percent yield loss was noticed in the HS (75.0 –89.4), while HR possessed the minimum (1.2–2.0). The methanolic leaf extracts of highly resistant and highly susceptible genotypes with essential controls were subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Differential accumulation of metabolites was noticed, and a total of 81 metabolites representing 26 functional groups were identified. Both highly resistant and susceptible genotypes harbored eight unique classes, while ten biomolecules were common. The hierarchical cluster analysis indicated a distinct metabolite profile. Fold change in the common metabolites revealed an enhanced accumulation of sugars, alkanes, and carboxylic acids in the highly resistant genotype. The principal component analysis plots explained 93.7% of the variation. The metabolite profile showed a significant accumulation of three anti-viral (octadecanoic acid, diphenyl sulfone, and 2-Aminooxazole), one insecticidal (9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol), one antifeedant (cucurbitacin B), and six metabolites with unknown biological function in the highly resistant genotype.
Keywords: horse gram, metabolomics, resistance, yellow mosaic virus
Author Biographies
Sudhagar Rajaprakasam, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Supervision
Priyanka Shanmugavel, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Conceptualization, Investigation
Vanniarajan Chockalingam, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Trichy 620027, Tamil Nadu, India
Writing – review & editing, Supervision
Souframanien Jegadeesan, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
Resources, Writing – review & editing
Tnpalayam Latha, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Methodology, Investigation
Saravanan Ananthan, Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Melalathur, Vellore 635806, Tamil Nadu, India
Resources
Raveendran Muthurajan, Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Methodology, Supervision
Selvaraju Kanagarajan, Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
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