Preprint / Version 1

Green Nanotechnology of Yucca filamentosa- Phytochemicals-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles—Antitumor Efficacy Against Prostate and Breast Cancers

Authors

  • Velaphi Thipe Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
  • Ananya Jatar Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
  • Alice Karikachery Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
  • Kavita Katti Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
  • Kattesh Katti Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Keywords:

Y. filamentosa, phytoconstituents, gold nanoparticles, anticancer

Abstract

Purpose We report an innovative green nanotechnology utilizing an electron-rich cocktail of phytochemicals from Yucca filamentosa L. to synthesize biocompatible gold nanoparticles without the use of any external chemical reducing agents and evaluate their anti-cancer activity. Methods Yucca filamentosa L. extract, containing a cocktail of phytochemicals, was prepared, and used to transform gold salt into Y. filamentosa phytochemicals encapsulated gold nanoparticles (YF-AuNPs). Additionally, gum arabic stabilized YF-AuNPs (GAYF-AuNPs) were also prepared to enhance the in vitro/in vivo stability. Anticancer activity was evaluated against prostate (PC-3) and breast (MDAMB-231) cancer cell lines. Targeting abilities of gold nanoparticles were tested using pro-tumor macrophage cell lines. Results Comprehensive characterization of new nanomedicine agents YF-AuNPs and GAYF-AuNPs revealed spherical, and monodisperse AuNPs with moderate zeta potentials (−19 and −20 mV, respectively), indicating in vitro/in vivo stability. The core size of YF-AuNPs (14 ± 5 nm) and GAYF-AuNPs (10 ± 5 nm) is suitable for optimal penetration into tumor cells through both enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect as well as through the receptor mediated endocytosis. Notably, YF-AuNPs exhibited potent anticancer activity against prostate (PC-3) and breast tumors (MDAMB-231) by inducing early and late apoptotic stages. Moreover, YF-AuNPs resulted in elevated levels of anti-tumor cytokines (TNF-α and IL-12) and reduced levels of pro-tumor cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10), provide compelling evidence on the immunomodulatory property of YF-AuNPs. Conclusion Overall, these Y. filamentosa phytochemicals functionalized nano-Ayurvedic medicine agents demonstrated selective toxicity to cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Most notably, to our knowledge, this is the first study that shows YF-AuNP’s targeting efficacy toward pro-tumor macrophage cell lines, suggesting an immunomodulatory pathway for cancer treatment. This work introduces a novel avenue for herbal and nano-Ayurvedic approaches to human cancer treatment, mediated through selective efficacy and immunomodulatory potential. Keywords: Y. filamentosa, phytoconstituents, gold nanoparticles, anticancer

Author Biographies

Velaphi Thipe, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Alice Karikachery, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Kavita Katti, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Kattesh Katti, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Downloads