Preprint / Version 1

Phytochemical analysis, GC–MS profile and determination of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities of peel and seeds extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) of Tamarindus indica L

Authors

  • Adinath Tavanappanavar aDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India
  • Sikandar Mulla aDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India
  • Chandra Seth bDepartment of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
  • Zabin Bagewadi cDepartment of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
  • Mohamed Rahamathulla dDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 62223, Al Faraa, Abha, Saudi Arabia
  • Mohammed Ahmed eDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
  • Syeda Farhana fDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia

Keywords:

Tamarindus indica L., Seeds, Peel, Antimicrobial activity, Anti-inflammatory activity

Abstract

Tamarindus indica L., is widely used tree in ayurvedic medicine. Here, we aimed to understand the presence of important constituents in seeds and peel of Tamarind fruits and their biological activities. Hence, seeds and peel of Tamarind fruits are used for further extraction process by soxhlet method (chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents). Results suggest that the ethyl acetate extract (seeds) consists of terpenoids (72.29 ± 0.513 mg/g), phenolic content (68.67 ± 2.11 mg/g) and flavonoids (26.36 ± 2.03 mg/g) whereas chloroform extract (seeds) has terpenoids (42.29 ± 0.98 mg/g). Similarly, chloroform extract (peel) has terpenoids (25.96 ± 3.20 mg/g) and flavonoids (46.36 ± 2.03 mg/g) whereas ethyl acetate extract (peel) has terpenoids (62.93 ± 0.987 mg/g). Furthermore, anti-inflammation activity results revealed that the chloroform extract of peel was found to be more effective with IC50 of 226.14 µg/ml by protein denaturation analysis and with IC50 of 245.5 µg/ml on lipoxygenase inhibition activity. Chloroform extract (peel and seeds) shown better antioxidant activity using DPPH than ethyl acetate extract (peel and seeds). Ethyl acetate extract of seeds showed impressive potency by inhibiting the growth of fungus, Candida albicans. Additionally, ethyl acetate extract of seeds showed impressive potency inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli than Bacillus cereus. GC–MS analysis shown the existence of diverse set of phytochemicals in each extract. Overall, comparative studies highlight the effectiveness of seeds extracts than peel extracts. Moreover, GC–MS results suggest that the seeds and peel extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) contains a wide range of compounds (including flavonoids, isovanillic acid, fatty acids and phenolic compounds) which can be utilized for therapeutic purpose. Keywords: Tamarindus indica L., Seeds, Peel, Antimicrobial activity, Anti-inflammatory activity

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