Garcinia dulcis and Garcinia forbesii King fruit peel extract: Secondary metabolite composition, antioxidant, and elastase inhibitory activity evaluation
Authors
Neneng Ambarwati
Department of Cosmetology, Engineering Faculty and The Research Center for Cosmetics, Research and Community Services Institute, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta, Indonesia
Nurnisya Sukma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, Indonesia
Yesi Desmiaty
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, Indonesia
Annisa Auliya
The Center for Science Innovation, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Setia Budi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta, Indonesia
M Arifuddin
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Islamudin Ahmad
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Garcinia dulcis and Garcinia forbesii King are native plants from Indonesia and have tremendous potential as a source of raw medicines based on local wisdom. However, scientific data for strengthening pharmaceuticals are still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to strengthen and develop the potential of both plants using the approach of traditional medicine. This study aimed to explore the secondary metabolite composition and biological activity (antioxidant and antielastase) of both plants. Both samples were extracted using 70% ethanol and microwave-assisted extraction with a microwave power of 120 watts for 15 min. The extract obtained was then screened for phytochemicals using specific reagents. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using spectrophotometry with a 96-well microplate reader method. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using the colorimetric method, whereas metabolite profiling analysis was conducted using the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS system. Meanwhile, biological activity was tested for antioxidant activity and antielastase as measured by a microplate reader 96-well spectrophotometry method at specific wavelengths. According to the results, G. dulcis and G. forbesii fruit peel extracts showed positive detection of particular secondary metabolites. TPC and TFC values were 13.98 ± 1.90 mg GAE/g and 10.33 ± 1.90 mg QE/g for G. dulcis and 11.98 ± 2.04 mgGAE/g and 1.96 ± 0.36 mgQE/g for G. forbesii. Metabolite profiling detected some compounds from G. dulcis, including ephedrannin B, hinokiflavone, mahuannin J, and candidate mass C9H12O8, and G. forbesii, including 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2’- trimethoxyflavone, lucialdehyde B, candidate mass C21H39NO4, candidate mass C14H10O6, and candidate mass C14H12O6. Meanwhile, the biological activities (antioxidant and antielastase) were 137.721 μg/mL and 108.893 μg/mL for G. dulcis and 481.948 μg/mL and 250.611 μg/mL for G. forbesii, respectively. Both plants showed different profiles of secondary metabolites and biological activities (antioxidant and antielastase) according to their respective characteristics.
Keywords: Antielastase, antioxidant, Garcinia dulcis, Garcinia forbesii King, metabolite profiling
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