The Use of Nigella sativa in Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors
Giuseppe Derosa
Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]
Angela D’Angelo
Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]
Pamela Maffioli
Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Dyslipidemias, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]
Laura Cucinella
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (R.E.N.)
Rossella Nappi
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (R.E.N.)
Nigella sativa L. is an herb that is commonly used in cooking and in traditional medicine, particularly in Arab countries, the Indian subcontinent, and some areas of eastern Europe. Nigella sativa is also called “black cumin” or “black seeds”, as the seeds are the most-used part of the plant. They contain the main bioactive component thymoquinone (TQ), which is responsible for the pleiotropic pharmacological properties of the seeds, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-hepatotoxic, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering properties. In this narrative review, both the potential mechanisms of action of Nigella sativa and the fundamental role played by pharmaceutical technology in optimizing preparations based on this herb in terms of yield, quality, and effectiveness have been outlined. Moreover, an analysis of the market of products containing Nigella sativa was carried out based on the current literature with an international perspective, along with a specific focus on Italy.
Keywords: Nigella sativa, thymoquinone, pharmacological properties
Author Biographies
Giuseppe Derosa, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]
Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Angela D’Angelo, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]
Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Pamela Maffioli, Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Dyslipidemias, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]
Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40100 Bologna, Italy
Laura Cucinella, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (R.E.N.)
Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology, Menopause Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Rossella Nappi, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (R.E.N.)
Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology, Menopause Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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