Preprint / Version 1

Nimbolide: promising agent for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (recent update)

Authors

  • Peramaiyan Rajendran Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  • Rashid Ibrahim Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  • Salaheldin Abdelsalam Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  • Yashika Rustagi Centre for Cancer Genomics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
  • Kalaiselvi Sivalingam Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
  • Vishnu Veeraraghavan Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Enas Ali Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  • Basem Abdallah Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  • Kaviyarasi Renu Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Saeed Al-Ramadan Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Keywords:

chronic diseases, limonoids, Azadirachta indica, nimbolide, EMT, Wnt-β/catenin

Abstract

Nimbolide, a bioactive compound derived from the neem tree, has garnered attention as a potential breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent updates in research highlight its multifaceted pharmacological properties, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. With a rich history in traditional medicine, nimbolide efficacy in addressing the molecular complexities of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer positions it as a promising candidate for further exploration. As studies progress, the recent update underscores the growing optimism surrounding nimbolide as a valuable tool in the ongoing pursuit of innovative therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases. Methods The comprehensive search of the literature was done until September 2020 on the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases. Results Most studies have shown the Nimbolide is one of the most potent limonoids derived from the flowers and leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica), which is widely used to treat a variety of human diseases. In chronic diseases, nimbolide reported to modulate the key signaling pathways, such as Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Wingless-related integration site-β (Wnt-β)/catenin, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and signaling molecules, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β), Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), inflammatory cytokines, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins. Nimbolide has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer properties, which make it an intriguing compound for research. Nimbolide demonstrated therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular, inflammation and cancer. Conclusion The current review mainly focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapecutic effects of nimbolide in chronic diseases. Keywords: chronic diseases, limonoids, Azadirachta indica, nimbolide, EMT, Wnt-β/catenin

Author Biographies

Peramaiyan Rajendran, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Rashid Ibrahim, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan

Salaheldin Abdelsalam, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

Enas Ali, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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