Preprint / Version 1

Evaluations of Andrographolide-Rich Fractions of Andrographis paniculata with Enhanced Potential Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antihypertensive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Authors

  • Sya’ban Adiguna Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.); [email protected] (R.T.S.)
  • Jonathan Panggabean Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.); [email protected] (R.T.S.)
  • Respati Swasono Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.); [email protected] (R.T.S.)
  • Siti Rahmawati Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
  • Fauzia Izzati Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
  • Asep Bayu Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
  • Masteria Putra Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)
  • Carmen Formisano Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; [email protected]
  • Chianese Giuseppina Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; [email protected]

Keywords:

Andrographis paniculata, traditional Chinese medicine, andrographolide, anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant

Abstract

Andrographis paniculata is widely used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. It has been classified as a safe and non-toxic medicine by traditional Chinese medicine. The investigation of the biological activities of A. paniculata is still focused on the crude extract and isolation of its main active compound, andrographolide, and its derivatives. However, the use of andrographolide alone has been shown to exacerbate unwanted effects. This highlights the importance of developing a fraction of A. paniculata with enhanced efficacy as an herbal-based medicine. In this study, the extraction and fractionation of A. paniculata, followed by quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a DAD detector, were established to quantify the andrographolide and its derivative in each fraction. Biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory activities, were evaluated to study their correlations with the quantification of active substances of A. paniculata extract and its fractions. The 50% methanolic fraction of A. paniculata exhibited the best cytotoxic activities against CACO-2 cells, as well as the best anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activities compared to other extracts. The 50% methanolic fraction also displayed the highest quantification of its main active compound, andrographolide, and its derivatives, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, neoandrographolide, and andrograpanin, among others. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, traditional Chinese medicine, andrographolide, anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant

Author Biographies

Sya’ban Adiguna, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.); [email protected] (R.T.S.)

Conceptualization, Data curation

Jonathan Panggabean, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.); [email protected] (R.T.S.)

Conceptualization, Data curation

Respati Swasono, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.P.A.); [email protected] (J.A.P.); [email protected] (R.T.S.)

Writing – review & editing

Siti Rahmawati, Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)

Writing – review & editing

Fauzia Izzati, Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)

Investigation

Asep Bayu, Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)

Data curation

Masteria Putra, Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.B.)

Writing – review & editing

Carmen Formisano, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; [email protected]

Writing – review & editing

Chianese Giuseppina, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; [email protected]

Writing – review & editing, Supervision

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