Preprint / Version 1

Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Extract Inhibits Dengue Virus Infection and Inflammation in the Huh7 Hepatoma Cell Line

Authors

  • Kanyaluck Jantakee Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (P.S.)
  • Suthida Panwong Doctoral of Philosophy Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected]
  • Pachara Sattayawat Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (P.S.)
  • Ratchaneewan Sumankan Graduate Master’s Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (S.S.)
  • Sasithorn Saengmuang Graduate Master’s Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (S.S.)
  • Kiattawee Choowongkomon Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected]
  • Aussara Panya Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (P.S.)

Keywords:

dengue virus, Clinacanthus nutans, antiviral agent, pro-inflammatory cytokine, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling

Abstract

Dengue virus (DENV) infection has emerged as a global health problem, with no specific treatment available presently. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau extract has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. We thus hypothesized C. nutans had a broad-ranged activity to inhibit DENV and the liver inflammation caused by DENV infection. The study showed that treatment using C. nutans extract during DENV infection (co-infection step) showed the highest efficiency in lowering the viral antigen concentration to 22.87 ± 6.49% at 31.25 μg/mL. In addition, the virus–host cell binding assay demonstrated that C. nutans treatment greatly inhibited the virus after its binding to Huh7 cells. Moreover, it could remarkably lower the expression of cytokine and chemokine genes, including TNF-α, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-8, in addition to inflammatory mediator COX-2 genes. Interestingly, the activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade after C. nutans extract treatment was dramatically decreased, which could be the underlying mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity. The HPLC profile showed that gallic acid was the bioactive compound of C. nutans extract and might be responsible for the antiviral properties of C. nutans. Taken together, our results revealed the potential of C. nutans extract to inhibit DENV infection and lower inflammation in infected cells. Keywords: dengue virus, Clinacanthus nutans, antiviral agent, pro-inflammatory cytokine, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling

Author Biographies

Kanyaluck Jantakee, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (P.S.)

Conceptualization, Methodology

Suthida Panwong, Doctoral of Philosophy Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected]

Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Pachara Sattayawat, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (P.S.)

Software, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Ratchaneewan Sumankan, Graduate Master’s Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (S.S.)

Investigation

Sasithorn Saengmuang, Graduate Master’s Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (S.S.)

Investigation

Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected]

Formal analysis

Aussara Panya, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (P.S.)

Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

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