Crafting British medicine in the Empire: the establishment of medical schools in India and Canada, 1763–1837
Authors
Martin Robert
Banting Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
Keywords:
Medical schools, British Empire, India, Canada, Professionalisation, Nineteenth century
Abstract
In the early nineteenth century, medical schools became a growing means of regulating medicine in the British Empire, both in the metropole and in two colonies: India and Canada. By examining the establishment of medical schools in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Quebec City, Montreal and Toronto between the end of the Seven Years’ War and the beginning of the Victorian era, this article argues that the rise of the British Empire was a key factor in the gradual replacement of private medical apprenticeships with institutional medical education. Although the imperial state did not implement a uniform medical policy across the British Empire, the medical schools established under its jurisdiction were instrumental in devising a curriculum that emphasised human dissection, bedside training in hospitals and organic chemistry as criteria of medical competence.
Keywords: Medical schools, British Empire, India, Canada, Professionalisation, Nineteenth century
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