Comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile of Ficus Religiosa L.
Authors
Rawat Rahul
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, India
Kumar Harish
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, India
Singh Neetu
Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
Deep Aakash
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, India
Narasimhan Balasubramanian
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
Singh Surender
Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
Kumar Sanjiv
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, India
Keywords:
Ficus religiosa, phytoconstituents, pharmacology, clinical trials, ethnomedicine, health benefits
Abstract
Ficus religiosa L. (F. religiosa) or sacred fig is a large perennial tree belonging to the family Moraceae or mulberry family. Though the tree has pan-tropical distribution but originally it is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina region. Popularly the tree is named "Pepal or bodhi tree". Traditionally, it is practiced for the treatment of asthma, nose bleeding, heart disorders, diabetes, wound healing, ear problems, constipation, hyperlipidemia, gonorrhea, ulcers and infectious disorders. Chemical analysis demonstrated the presence of numerous bioactives including tannins, phenols, saponins, sugars, alkaloids, methionine, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, separated amino acids, essential and volatile oils and steroids etc., which are probably responsible for its diverse pharmacological actions. The present work is an attempt to compile up-to-date comprehensive information on F. religiosa that covers its taxonomy, ethnomedicinal importance, phytochemistry, pharmacological attributes and clinical trials. Keeping in mind the various health attributes of F. religiosa, future research can be aimed at in-depth elucidation of the structure-function relationship and multifactorial signalings pathways.
Keywords: Ficus religiosa, phytoconstituents, pharmacology, clinical trials, ethnomedicine, health benefits
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